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introduce to the media

  • 1 introduce to the media

    Политика: представить (новоизбранного чиновника и т.п. на пресс-конференции и т.д.)

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > introduce to the media

  • 2 представить

    1) General subject: adduce, conceive, deliver, fancy, imagine, introduce, prefer, present, produce, propose, put in (документ), recommend, render, represent, send in (экспонат на выставку), set before (факты), subject, afford, make it look (в каком-либо виде: The opposition is trying to make it look as bad as possible, naturally.), demonstrate, elaborate
    2) Colloquial: ring in
    3) Sports: figure out
    4) Engineering: pose
    5) Mathematics: assume, depict, offer, set out, symbolize
    6) Religion: bring to mind
    8) Diplomatic term: enter
    9) Politics: introduce to the media (новоизбранного чиновника и т.п. на пресс-конференции и т.д.)
    10) Information technology: unveil
    11) Business: expedite
    12) leg.N.P. represent (as an agent represents his principal), submit
    13) Makarov: acquaint

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > представить

  • 3 medio

    adj.
    1 half a, half, half an, mid.
    2 average.
    3 half-way, halfway.
    4 one-half.
    adv.
    half-way, half, kind of, partially.
    m.
    1 means, manner, mode, way.
    2 center, midway, midst.
    3 medium, instrument, means.
    4 environment.
    5 halfback.
    6 medium.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: mediar.
    * * *
    1 (mitad) half
    2 (intermedio) middle
    3 (de promedio) average
    ■ una velocidad media de... an average speed of...
    1 half
    ■ medio terminado,-a half-finished
    1 (mitad) half
    2 (centro) middle
    3 (contexto - físico) environment
    4 (social) circle
    1 (recursos) means
    \
    equivocarse de medio a medio to get it all wrong
    estar (todo) por el medio to be in the way
    ponerse en medio to get in the way
    por medio de through, by means of
    por todos los medios by all means
    quitar algo/alguien de en medio to get something/somebody out of the way
    media aritmética arithmetic mean
    medio ambiente environment
    medio fondo middle-distance
    medios de transporte means of transport
    ————————
    1 (mitad) half
    2 (centro) middle
    3 (contexto - físico) environment
    4 (social) circle
    * * *
    1. (f. - media)
    adj.
    2) half
    2. adv.
    1) half
    3. noun m.
    •
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=la mitad de) half

    media pensión — [en hotel] half-board

    • media hora — half an hour

    • media luna — (Astron) half-moon

    la Media Luna — [en el Islam] the Crescent

    asta, luz 1), mundo 2), naranja 1., 3), palabra 1), voz 1), vuelta 1)
    2) (=intermedio)

    • a medio camino, estamos a medio camino — we're halfway there

    plazo
    3) (=promedio) average
    término 2)
    4) (=normal) average
    5)

    • a medias, lo dejó hecho a medias — he left it half-done

    lo pagamos a medias — we share o split the cost

    2. ADV
    1) [con adjetivo] half

    es medio tonto — he's not very bright, he's a bit on the slow side

    2) [con verbo, adverbio]

    está a medio escribir/terminar — it is half-written/finished

    3) LAm (=bastante) rather, quite, pretty *
    3. SM
    1) (=centro) middle, centre, center (EEUU)

    • de en medio, la casa de en medio — the middle house

    • de por medio, hay droga de por medio — drugs are involved

    día (de) por medio — LAm every other day

    • en medio, iba a besarla, pero él se puso en medio — I was going to kiss her, but he got between us

    • por medio de, pasar por medio de — to go through (the middle of)

    de medio a medio —

    2) (Dep) midfielder

    medio apertura — (Rugby) fly-half

    medio (de) melé — (Rugby) scrum-half

    3) (=método) means pl, way

    no hay medio de conseguirlo — there is no way of getting it, it's impossible to get

    poner todos los medios para hacer algo, no regatear medios para hacer algo — to spare no effort to do sth

    • por medio de, se mueve por medio de poleas — it moves by means of o using a pulley system

    respira por medio de las agallas — it breathes through o using o by means of its gills

    4) pl los medios (tb: los medios de comunicación ó difusión) the media
    5) pl medios (=recursos) means, resources
    6) (Bio) (tb: medio ambiente) environment
    7) (=círculo) circle
    * * *
    I
    - dia adjetivo

    medio litro — half a liter, a half-liter

    media hora — half an hour, a half hour (AmE)

    a media mañana/tarde dio un paseo — he went for a mid-morning/mid-afternoon stroll

    2) (mediano, promedio) average

    el ciudadano/mexicano medio — the average citizen/Mexican

    II
    adverbio half

    está medio loca/dormida — she's half crazy/asleep

    III
    1) (Mat) ( mitad) half
    2)
    a) ( centro) middle

    el asiento de en or del medio — the middle seat, the seat in the middle

    quitarse de en or del medio — to get out of the way

    quitar a alguien de en medio — (euf) to bump somebody off (colloq)

    b) los medios masculino plural (Taur) center* ( of the ring)
    3)
    a) (recurso, manera) means (pl)

    no hay medio de localizarlo — there's no way o means of locating him

    b) (Art) ( vehículo) tb
    c) medios masculino plural ( recursos económicos) tb

    medios económicos — means (pl), resources (pl)

    de por medio: no puedo dejarlo, están los niños de por medio I can't leave him, there are the children to think of; hay intereses creados de por medio there are vested interests involved; había un árbol de por medio there was a tree in the way; en medio de: en medio de tanta gente (in) among so many people; cómo puedes trabajar en medio de este desorden how can you work in all this mess; en medio de la confusión in o amid all the confusion; en medio de todo all things considered; por medio (CS, Per): día/semana por medio every other day/week; dos o tres casas por medio every two or three houses; por medio de by means of; se comunicaban por medio de este sistema they communicated by means of this system; por medio de tu primo from o through your cousin; de medio a medio: te equivocas de medio a medio you're completely wrong; le acertó de medio a medio — she was absolutely right

    5)
    a) (círculo, ámbito)

    en medios literarios/políticos — in literary/political circles

    en medios bien informados se comenta que... — informed opinion has it that...

    b) (Biol) environment
    •
    * * *
    I
    - dia adjetivo

    medio litro — half a liter, a half-liter

    media hora — half an hour, a half hour (AmE)

    a media mañana/tarde dio un paseo — he went for a mid-morning/mid-afternoon stroll

    2) (mediano, promedio) average

    el ciudadano/mexicano medio — the average citizen/Mexican

    II
    adverbio half

    está medio loca/dormida — she's half crazy/asleep

    III
    1) (Mat) ( mitad) half
    2)
    a) ( centro) middle

    el asiento de en or del medio — the middle seat, the seat in the middle

    quitarse de en or del medio — to get out of the way

    quitar a alguien de en medio — (euf) to bump somebody off (colloq)

    b) los medios masculino plural (Taur) center* ( of the ring)
    3)
    a) (recurso, manera) means (pl)

    no hay medio de localizarlo — there's no way o means of locating him

    b) (Art) ( vehículo) tb
    c) medios masculino plural ( recursos económicos) tb

    medios económicos — means (pl), resources (pl)

    de por medio: no puedo dejarlo, están los niños de por medio I can't leave him, there are the children to think of; hay intereses creados de por medio there are vested interests involved; había un árbol de por medio there was a tree in the way; en medio de: en medio de tanta gente (in) among so many people; cómo puedes trabajar en medio de este desorden how can you work in all this mess; en medio de la confusión in o amid all the confusion; en medio de todo all things considered; por medio (CS, Per): día/semana por medio every other day/week; dos o tres casas por medio every two or three houses; por medio de by means of; se comunicaban por medio de este sistema they communicated by means of this system; por medio de tu primo from o through your cousin; de medio a medio: te equivocas de medio a medio you're completely wrong; le acertó de medio a medio — she was absolutely right

    5)
    a) (círculo, ámbito)

    en medios literarios/políticos — in literary/political circles

    en medios bien informados se comenta que... — informed opinion has it that...

    b) (Biol) environment
    •
    * * *
    medio1
    = middle, one-half (1/2).

    Ex: The purpose of the insert key is to allow the insertion of one or more characters in the middle of a field without disturbing the information already displayed.

    Ex: The output of paperbacks accounted for one-third of the total US book production by 1962; nearly one-half of the fiction produced and a quarter of the available titles.
    * Alta Edad Media, la = Early Middle Ages, the, High Middle Ages, the, Dark Ages, the.
    * a media asta = at half-mast, at half staff.
    * a media mañana = mid-morning.
    * a medias entre... y... = betwixt and between.
    * a medio abrir = half-opened.
    * a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a medio comprender = half-understood.
    * a medio formar = half-formed.
    * a medio fuego = medium heat.
    * a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.
    * a medio plazo = near-term, in the medium term, medium-term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].
    * a medio rimar = half-rhymed.
    * a medio vestir = partly dressed, half dressed.
    * arco de medio punto = round arch.
    * baja Edad Media, la = late Middle Ages, the.
    * barba de media tarde = five o'clock shadow.
    * clase media = middle class.
    * cocer a medias = parboil.
    * comprendido a medias = half-understood.
    * dar media vuelta = do + an about-face.
    * darse media vuelta = turn on + Posesivo + heel.
    * de la edad media = dark-age.
    * del medio = middle.
    * del Medio Oriente = Middle Eastern.
    * de media jornada = half-day [half day].
    * de media mañana = mid-morning.
    * de medio día de duración = half-day [half day].
    * de medio pelo = small-time.
    * de talla media = middle-sized.
    * dividir por medio = rend in + two.
    * Edad Media = mediaeval ages [medieval ages, -USA], Middle Ages.
    * edición media = medium edition.
    * en el nivel medio de = in the middle range of.
    * en medio de = amidst, in the midst of, in the throes of, right in, amid.
    * entender a medias = pick up + the fag-ends.
    * enterarse a medias = pick up + the fag-ends.
    * entre medias = in between.
    * estar a medio camino entre... y... = lie + midway between... and....
    * estar en medio de = caught in the middle.
    * estar justo en medio de = stand + squarely in.
    * foto de medio cuerpo = mugshot [mug shot].
    * haber dinero de por medio = money + change hands.
    * haber una transacción económica de por medio = money + change hands.
    * habitante del Medio Oriente = Middle Easterner.
    * histeria a medias = semi-hysteria.
    * Hora + y media = half past + Hora.
    * IME (Integración a Media Escala) = MSI (Medium Scale Integration).
    * justo en el medio (de) = plumb in the middle (of).
    * letra rota o a medio imprimir = broken letter.
    * línea de medio campo = halfway line.
    * media docena = half a dozen, half-dozen.
    * media hora = half-hour.
    * Media Luna Roja, la = Red Crescent, the.
    * media luz = half-light.
    * media pensión = half board.
    * media tinta = Mezzotint.
    * media verdad = half truth, half-fact.
    * media vuelta = about-face.
    * medio abierto = half-opened, half-way open.
    * medio administrativo = quasi-clerical.
    * medio adormilado = bleary-eyed.
    * medio despierto = drowsily, groggily, bleary-eyed.
    * medio día = one-half day.
    * medio dormido = drowsily, groggily, groggy [groggier -comp., groggiest -sup.].
    * medio en broma = tongue-in-cheek.
    * medio + Expresión Temporal = half + a + Expresión Temporal.
    * medio hecho = halfway done, half done.
    * Medio Oeste, el = Midwest, the.
    * Medio Oriente = Middle East.
    * medio pliego = half-sheet.
    * medio sumergido = half-submerged.
    * medio vacío = half-empty.
    * medio vestido = partly dressed, half dressed.
    * nacido en medio = middleborn.
    * nivel medio de gestión = middle management.
    * pantalones de media caña = knee breeches, jodhpurs.
    * partir por medio = rend in + two.
    * Pasado = half + Pasado/Participio.
    * ponerse en medio = get in + the way (of).
    * Posesivo + media naranja = Posesivo + significant other, Posesivo + better half, Posesivo + other half.
    * punto medio = mid-point.
    * quedarse a medias = fall (between/through) + the cracks.
    * quitarse de en medio = take + Nombre + out.
    * quitarse del medio = run for + cover.
    * sin obstáculos de por medio = uncluttered.
    * tener un problema medio resuelto = have + problem half licked.
    * tentempié de media mañana = elevenses.
    * un día y medio = one and a half days.
    * verdad a medias = half truth, half-fact.
    * verse en medio de = caught in the middle.

    medio2
    2 = average, mainline, mainstream.

    Ex: The average family does have very real information needs, even though these may not be immediately recognized as such.

    Ex: This is 'scientific journalism' at its worst, but its standards are not wholly different from those of the mainline press.
    Ex: Some children may be constrained by a mainstream curriculum that does not match their ability level.
    * ciudadano medio, el = average man, the.
    * como término medio = on average.
    * de nivel cultural medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].
    * de nivel medio = medium level [medium-level], middle-range.
    * de precio medio = medium-priced.
    * de talle medio = medium-length.
    * de tamaño medio = medium-sized, mid-sized [midsized], middle-sized, mid-size [midsize].
    * de tipo medio = middle-range.
    * el ciudadano medio = the average Joe.
    * hombre medio, el = average person, the.
    * la ciudadana media = the average Jane.
    * nivel de dominio medio = working knowledge.
    * persona con nivel cultural medio = middlebrow [middle-brow].
    * por término medio = on average.
    * precio medio = average price.
    * tener por término medio = average.
    * término medio = compromise, balance.
    * valor medio = midrange, mean value.

    medio3
    3 = instrumentality, means, vehicle.

    Ex: But there are signs of a change as new and powerful instrumentalities come into use.

    Ex: The easiest means of illustrating some of the foregoing points is to introduce in outline some special classification schemes.
    Ex: This journal serves as a vehicle for the continuing education of librarians, as a showcase for current practice and as a spotlight for significant activities.
    * alfabetización en los medios de comunicación = media literacy.
    * anuncios en los medios de comunicación = media releases.
    * aprendizaje a través de medios electrónicos = online learning.
    * aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).
    * bibliotecario de medios audiovisuales = library media specialist.
    * bien dotado de medios = well-resourced.
    * bien equipado de medios = well-resourced.
    * búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.
    * búsqueda por medio de órdenes = command search.
    * codificación por medio de códigos de barras = barcoding [bar-coding].
    * codificar por medio de códigos de barras = barcode [bar-code].
    * conducir por medio de tubos = duct.
    * confundir los medios con el fin = confuse + the means with the ends.
    * con medios insuficientes = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con medios muy escasos = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con medios muy exiguos = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con todos los medios a + Posesivo + alcance = with all the means at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * desplazamiento por medio del ordenador = computer commuting.
    * documentalista de los medios de comunicación = news librarian.
    * dotar de medios = resource.
    * el fin justifica los medios = the end justifies the means.
    * empresa de medios de comunicación = media company.
    * enseñanza a través de medios electrónicos = online education.
    * enseñanza por medio del ordenador (CBI) = computer-based instruction (CBI).
    * entrevista en los medios de comunicación = media interview.
    * equipar de medios = resource.
    * exceso de medios = overkill.
    * expansión de una búsqueda por medio del tesauro = thesaurus expansion.
    * industria de los medios de comunicación de masas = mass communications industry.
    * interfaz por medio de gráficos = graphics interfacing.
    * máquina de registro de préstamos por medio de la fotografía = photocharger, photocharging machine.
    * medio de ahorro = economy measure.
    * medio de almacenamiento = storage medium.
    * medio de almacenamiento físico = physical storage media.
    * medio de comunicación = medium [media, -pl.].
    * medio de interpretación = medium of performance.
    * medio de transmisión = conduit.
    * medio físico = physical medium.
    * medios = ways and means.
    * medios de almacenamiento digital = digital media.
    * medios de almacenamiento óptico = optical storage media.
    * medios de comunicación = news media.
    * medios de comunicación de masas = mass media, mass communications media, communications media, communications media.
    * medios de comunicación social = mass media.
    * medios de microalmacenamiento de la información = microstorage media.
    * medios de producción = means of production.
    * medios digitalizados de almacenamiento de información = digitised media.
    * medios económicos = economic resources.
    * medios, los = wherewithal, the, means, the.
    * medios oficiales = official channels.
    * medios técnicos = IT capabilities.
    * medios visuales = visual media.
    * mostrar por medio de cambio de intensidad en el brillo = flash up.
    * multimedia = multimedia [multi-media].
    * mundo de los medios de comunicación, el = mediascape, the.
    * por medio = out of.
    * por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of.
    * por medio de isótopos = isotopically.
    * por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.
    * por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.
    * por todos los medios = by all means.
    * proporcionar los medios para = provide + the material for.
    * ser un medio para llegar a un fin = be the means to an end.
    * streaming media = streaming media.
    * técnica de recuperación por medio de la lógica difusa = fuzzy IR technique.
    * terapia por medio de aromas = aroma therapy.
    * tratar por todos los medios de = take + (great) pains to.
    * tratar por todos los medios de + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * un medio para alcanzar un fin = a means to an end.
    * un medio para conseguir un fin = a means to an end.
    * un medio para llegar a fin = a means to an end.
    * utilizar al máximo por medio del ordenador = explode.

    * * *
    (la mitad de): medio litro half a liter, a half-liter
    medio kilo de harina half a kilo of flour
    media docena de huevos half a dozen eggs, a half-dozen eggs
    ¿quieres media manzana? do you want half an apple?
    los niños pagan medio billete or pasaje children pay half fare o half price
    un retrato de medio cuerpo a half-length portrait
    llevo media hora esperando I've been waiting for half an hour
    la última media hora es muy divertida the last half hour is very entertaining
    hay trenes a y cinco y a y media there are trains at five past and half past (the hour)
    aún faltan dos horas y media para que empiece la función there are still two and a half hours to go before the show starts
    si se lo dices a él mañana lo sabe medio Buenos Aires if you tell him, half (of) Buenos Aires will know by tomorrow
    la bandera ondea a media asta the flag is flying at half-mast
    la falda le llega a media pierna she's wearing a calf-length skirt
    a media mañana/tarde siempre da un paseo he always goes for a mid-morning/mid-afternoon stroll, he always goes for a stroll mid-morning/mid-afternoon
    ¿qué haces aquí leyendo a media luz? what are you doing in here reading in such poor light?
    la habitación estaba a media luz the room was dimly lit
    Compuestos:
    habla con or (CS) en medioa lengua he talks in baby language
    la deliciosa medioa lengua de los dos años the delightful way a two-year-old talks
    A ( Astron) half-moon
    en forma de medioa luna crescent-shaped
    B (de las uñas) half-moon
    C ( RPl) ( Coc) croissant ( often with ham and cheese)
    D
    (organización): la Medioa Luna Roja the Red Crescent
    feminine short sleeve
    llevaba un vestido de medioa manga she was wearing a dress with short sleeves o a short-sleeved dress
    todavía no ha encontrado su medioa naranja (el hombre ideal) Mr Right hasn't come along yet; (la mujer ideal) he hasn't found his ideal woman yet
    vino con su medioa naranja he/she came along with his/her better half ( colloq hum)
    (en colegios): los alumnos en régimen de medioa pensión pupils who have school dinners
    fpl:
    me lo dijo con medioas palabras she didn't say it in so many words
    feminine half sole, sole
    feminine half volley
    a medioa voz in a low voice
    hablaban a medioa voz they were talking in low voices
    feminine ( Mil) about-face ( AmE), about-turn ( BrE)
    (se) dio medioa vuelta y se fue she turned on her heel o she turned around and left
    masculine and feminine fly half, outside half
    masculine midfield
    masculine and feminine middle-distance runner
    masculine middle-distance
    ● medio hermano, media hermana
    masculine, feminine
    ( masculine) half-brother; ( feminine) half-sister
    masculine half-mourning
    ● medio pupilo, media pupila or medio pupila
    masculine, feminine (CS) day pupil
    los medio pupilos the day pupils
    ( AmL) half-time
    B (mediano, promedio) average
    el cuidadano/mexicano medio the average citizen/Mexican
    barrios madrileños de standing alto a medio middle to upper-class districts of Madrid
    a medio y largo plazo in the medium and long term
    técnico de grado medio technician who has taken a three-year course rather than a five-year degree course
    la temperatura media es de 22 grados the average temperature is 22 degrees
    clase1 (↑ clase (1)), edad, término, etc
    C
    1
    (de manera incompleta): dejó el trabajo a medios he left the work half-finished
    me dijo la verdad a medios she didn't tell me the whole truth o story
    lo arregló a medios he didn't fix it properly
    2
    (entre dos): voy a comprar un número de lotería ¿vamos a medios? I'm going to buy a lottery ticket. Do you want to go halves?
    pagar a medios to pay half each, go halves
    lo hicimos a medios we did it between us
    D
    ( Chi fam) ( delante del n) (uso enfático): el medio auto que se gasta just look at the car he drives!
    half
    está medio borracha/loca she's half drunk/crazy
    lo dejaron allí medio muerto they left him there half dead
    fue medio violento encontrármelo ahí it was rather awkward meeting him there
    me lo dijo medio en broma medio en serio she said it half joking and half serious
    todo lo deja a medio hacer he never finishes anything, he leaves everything half finished
    medio como que se molestó cuando se lo dije (CS fam); she got kind of o sort of annoyed when I told her ( colloq)
    B
    1 (centro) middle
    en (el) medio de la habitación in the middle o center of the room
    el botón de en or del medio the middle button, the button in the middle
    el justo medio the happy medium
    quítate de en or del medio, que no me dejas ver get out of the way, I can't see
    quitar a algn de en medio ( euf); to get rid of sb ( euph), bump sb off ( colloq)
    2 los medios mpl ( Taur) center* ( of the ring)
    C
    1 (recurso, manera) means (pl)
    lo intentaron por todos los medios they tried everything they could
    no hay medio de localizarlo there's no way o means of locating him
    hizo lo que pudo con los medios a su alcance she did everything she could with the resources at her disposal
    como medio de coacción as a means of coercion
    medios económicos means (pl), resources (pl)
    no escatimó medios he spared no expense
    a pesar de los escasos medios de que dispone in spite of his limited means
    no cuenta con los medios necesarios para hacerlo she does not have the means o resources to do it
    Compuestos:
    la entrevista concedida a un medio de comunicación francés the interview given to a French newspaper ( o television station etc)
    los medios de comunicación sociales or de masas the mass media
    means of transport
    ( Méx) legal challenge
    mpl audiovisual aids (pl)
    mpl:
    los medio de producción the means of production
    D ( en locs):
    de por medio: no puedo dejarlo, están los niños de por medio I can't leave him, there are the children to think of
    hay muchos intereses creados de por medio there are a lot of vested interests involved
    en medio de: en medio de tanta gente (in) among so many people
    no sé cómo puedes trabajar en medio de este desorden I don't know how you can work in all this mess
    en medio de la confusión in o amid all the confusion
    en medio de todo all things considered
    en medio de todo más vale así all things considered, it's probably better this way
    por medio (CS, Per): día/semana por medio every other day/week
    dos o tres casas por medio every two or three houses
    por medio de: nos enteramos por medio de tu primo we found out from o through your cousin
    atrapa su presa por medio de estas pinzas it catches its prey by using these pincers
    se comunicaban por medio de este sistema they communicated by means of this system
    obtuvo el puesto por medio de estas influencias she got the job through these contacts
    de medio a medio: te equivocas de medio a medio you're completely wrong o utterly mistaken
    le acertó de medio a medio she was absolutely right
    E
    1
    (círculo, ámbito): en medios literarios/políticos in literary/political circles
    no está en su medio he's out of his element
    un artista prácticamente desconocido en nuestro medio (Col, CS); an artist who is practically unknown here o in our country ( o area etc)
    en medios bien informados se comenta que … informed opinion has it that …
    2 ( Biol) environment
    estos animales no sobreviven fuera de su medio natural these animals do not survive if removed from their natural habitat
    la adaptación al medio adaptation to one's environment o surroundings
    Compuesto:
    environment
    que no daña el medio ambiente eco-friendly, environmentally friendly
    F (dedo) middle finger
    G (moneda) five centavo or centésimo coin formerly used in some Latin American countries
    ni medio ( RPl fam): no se ve/no entendí ni medio you can't see/I didn't understand a thing
    el que nace para medio nunca llega a real if you don't have what it takes, you won't get on in the world
    * * *

     

    Del verbo mediar: ( conjugate mediar)

    medio es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    medió es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    mediar    
    medio
    mediar ( conjugate mediar) verbo intransitivo

    medio EN algo ‹en conflicto/negociaciones› to mediate in sth, to act as mediator in sth
    b) ( interceder) medio POR algn to intercede for sb;

    medio ANTE algn to intercede o intervene with sb
    medio 1
    ◊ - dia adjetivo

    1 ( delante del n) ( la mitad de):

    media manzana half an apple;
    pagar medio pasaje to pay half fare o half price;
    media hora half an hour, a half hour (AmE);
    dos horas y media two and a half hours;
    a las cinco y media at half past five;
    a media mañana/tarde in the middle of the morning/afternoon;
    a medio camino halfway;
    media pensión ( en hoteles) half board;
    (se) dio medio vuelta y se fue she turned on her heel and left;
    un jugador de medio campo a midfield player;
    medio tiempo (AmL) half-time;
    mi media naranja (fam &
    hum) my better half (colloq & hum)
    2 (mediano, promedio) average;

    a medio y largo plazo in the medium and long term
    medio 2 adverbio
    half;

    todo lo deja a medio terminar he leaves everything half finished
    ■ sustantivo masculino
    1 (Mat) ( mitad) half
    2 ( centro) middle;
    ◊ en (el) medio de la habitación in the middle o center of the room;

    quitarse de en or del medio to get out of the way
    3
    a) (recurso, manera) means (pl);


    los medios de comunicación the media;
    medio de transporte means of transport
    b)

    ◊ medios sustantivo masculino plural ( recursos económicos) tb medios económicos means (pl), resources (pl)

    4 ( en locs)
    ◊ en medio de: en medio de tanta gente (in) among so many people;

    en medio de la confusión in o amid all the confusion;
    por medio (CS, Per): día/semana por medio every other day/week;
    dos casas por medio every two houses;
    por medio de (de proceso/técnica) by means of;
    por medio de tu primo from o through your cousin
    5
    a) (círculo, ámbito):

    ◊ en medios literarios/políticos in literary/political circles;

    no está en su medio he's out of his element
    b) (Biol) environment;


    medio ambiente environment;
    que no da daña el medio ambiente eco-friendly, environmentally friendly
    mediar verbo intransitivo
    1 (arbitrar, intervenir) to mediate: España mediará en el conflicto, Spain will mediate in the conflict
    2 (interceder) to intercede: mediará por ti, she'll intercede on your behalf
    3 (interponerse) media la circunstancia de que..., you must take into account that...
    4 (periodo de tiempo) to pass: mediaron un par de días, two days passed
    medio,-a
    I adjetivo
    1 (mitad) half: sólo queda medio melón, there is only half a melon left
    una hora y media, an hour and a half
    2 (no extremo) middle
    a media tarde, in the middle of the afternoon
    clase media, middle class
    punto medio, middle ground
    3 (prototípico) average: la calidad media es baja, the average quality is poor
    la mujer media, the average woman
    II adverbio half: el trabajo está medio hecho, the work is half done
    III sustantivo masculino
    1 (mitad) half
    2 (centro) middle
    en medio de la batalla, in the midst of the battle
    en medio de los árboles, among the trees
    (entre dos) in between the trees
    un barco en medio del desierto, a ship in the middle of the desert
    sal de ahí en medio, get out of the way
    3 (instrumento, vía) means: el fin no justifica los medios, the aim doesn't justify the means
    4 (entorno) enviroment
    un medio hostil, a hostile enviroment
    ' medio' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    achuchar
    - adivinarse
    - ambiente
    - calle
    - camino
    - coger
    - conducto
    - coralina
    - coralino
    - cuerpo
    - Ecuador
    - elemento
    - en
    - entorno
    - habitar
    - lado
    - locomoción
    - media
    - ocupante
    - odisea
    - oriente
    - perder
    - por
    - radical
    - recurso
    - sacar
    - tener
    - término
    - tierra
    - través
    - a
    - alzado
    - arma
    - atontado
    - caja
    - canal
    - derruido
    - destruir
    - día
    - efectivo
    - gusto
    - hombre
    - hostil
    - instrumento
    - ir
    - loco
    - Medio Oriente
    - mejor
    - menos
    - meter
    English:
    about
    - air
    - and
    - average
    - backdrop
    - between
    - bread
    - call away
    - canter
    - centre
    - cobble together
    - discern
    - East
    - end
    - environment
    - environmentalist
    - envoy
    - freight
    - half
    - half-dead
    - half-dressed
    - half-empty
    - half-full
    - half-open
    - half-serious
    - half-way
    - mean
    - means
    - medium
    - medium-term
    - mid
    - middle
    - Middle East
    - middleweight
    - midst
    - moderate
    - on
    - over
    - part
    - resource
    - Roman arch
    - rough up
    - sandwich course
    - scrum-half
    - semiliterate
    - shelf
    - slush
    - slushy
    - stimulate
    - television
    * * *
    medio, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [igual a la mitad] half;
    media docena half a dozen;
    media hora half an hour;
    medio litro half a litre;
    el estadio registra media entrada the stadium is half full;
    medio pueblo estaba allí half the town was there;
    medio Quito se quedó sin electricidad half of Quito was left without electricity;
    la bandera ondeaba a media asta the flag was flying at half mast;
    a medio camino [en viaje] halfway there;
    [en trabajo] halfway through;
    a media luz in the half-light;
    nos salimos a media película we left halfway through the movie o Br film;
    como algo a media mañana I have something to eat halfway through the morning, I have a mid-morning snack;
    docena y media one and a half dozen;
    un kilo y medio one and a half kilos;
    son las dos y media it's half past two;
    son y media it's half past
    Andes, Méx, Ven medio fondo waist petticoat o slip;
    la media luna the crescent;
    la Media Luna Roja the Red Crescent;
    Fam Fig media naranja:
    mi/su/ etc[m5]. media naranja my/your/ etc other o better half;
    media pensión half board;
    CSur medio pupilo [que va a dormir a casa] day pupil; [que va a casa el fin de semana] boarder;
    media suela half-sole;
    media volea half volley
    2. [intermedio] [estatura, tamaño] medium;
    [posición, punto] middle;
    de una calidad media of average quality;
    a medio plazo in the medium term;
    de clase media middle-class;
    a media distancia in the middle distance
    medio campo midfield; Am medio tiempo half-time
    3. [de promedio] [temperatura, velocidad] average;
    Mat mean;
    el consumo medio de agua por habitante the average water consumption per head of the population;
    a una velocidad media de 50 km/h at an average speed of 50 km/h
    4. [corriente] ordinary, average;
    el ciudadano medio the average person, ordinary people
    ♦ adv
    half;
    medio borracho half drunk;
    estaba medio muerto he was half dead;
    a medio hacer half done;
    han dejado la obra a medio hacer they've left the building half finished;
    aún estoy a medio arreglar I'm only half ready;
    pasé la noche medio en vela I barely slept all night, I spent half the night awake
    ♦ nm
    1. [mitad] half;
    uno y medio one and a half
    2. [centro] middle, centre;
    íbamos por el carril del medio o [m5] de en medio we were driving in the middle lane;
    en medio (de) in the middle (of);
    estaba incómoda en medio de toda aquella gente I felt uncomfortable among all those people;
    está en medio de una profunda depresión she's in the middle of a deep depression;
    no se oía nada en medio de tanto ruido you couldn't hear a thing with all that noise;
    han puesto una valla en medio they've put a fence in the way;
    si te pones en medio no veo la tele I can't see the TV if you're in the way;
    quítate de en medio get out of the way;
    siempre tienes todas tus cosas por medio your things are always lying around all over the place;
    estar por (en) medio [estorbar] to be in the way;
    hay muchos intereses de por medio there are a lot of interests involved;
    meterse o [m5] ponerse (de) por medio [estorbar] to get in the way;
    Fig [entrometerse] to interfere;
    equivocarse de medio a medio to be completely wrong;
    Fam
    quitar de en medio a alguien to get rid of sb;
    quitarse de en medio [suicidarse] to do away with oneself
    3. [sistema, manera] means [singular or plural], method;
    utilice cualquier medio a su alcance use whatever means are available, use every means available;
    encontró un medio para pagar menos impuestos she found a way of paying less tax;
    no hay medio de convencerla she refuses to be convinced;
    por medio de by means of, through;
    ha encontrado trabajo por medio de un conocido she got a job through an acquaintance;
    por todos los medios by all possible means;
    intentaré conseguir ese trabajo por todos los medios I'll do whatever it takes to get that job;
    su medio de vida es la chatarra he earns his living from scrap metal
    los medios de comunicación the media;
    medios de producción means of production;
    medio de transporte means of transport o US transportation
    4.
    medios [recursos] means, resources;
    no cuenta con los medios económicos para realizarlo she lacks the means o the (financial) resources to do it
    5. [elemento físico] environment;
    animales que viven en el medio acuático animals that live in an aquatic environment
    medio ambiente environment; Biol medio de cultivo culture medium;
    medio físico physical environment
    6. [ámbito]
    el medio rural/urbano the countryside/city;
    en medios financieros/políticos in financial/political circles;
    en medios bien informados in well-informed circles
    7. Dep [en fútbol, hockey] midfielder;
    [en rugby] halfback medio (de) apertura [en rugby] fly half, stand-off;
    medio (de) melé [en rugby] scrum half
    8. Taurom
    los medios = centre of bullring
    9. Comp
    CSur Fam
    ni medio: no oye ni medio he's as deaf as a post;
    no entiende ni medio she hasn't got a clue;
    por medio: nado día por medio I swim every other day
    * * *
    I adj
    1 half;
    las tres y media half past three, three-thirty;
    2 tamaño medium
    3 (de promedio) average
    4 posición middle
    II m
    1 ( entorno) environment
    2 en fútbol midfielder
    3 ( centro) middle;
    en medio de in the middle of
    4 ( manera) means;
    por medio de by means of;
    medios pl dinero means, resources
    III adv half;
    hacer algo a medias half do sth;
    ir a medias go halves;
    a medio hacer half done;
    de medio a medio completely;
    día por medio L.Am. every other day;
    quitar de en medio algo fam move sth out of the way;
    quitarse de en medio get out of the way
    * * *
    medio adv
    1) : half
    está medio dormida: she's half asleep
    2) : rather, kind of
    está medio aburrida esta fiesta: this party is rather boring
    medio, - dia adj
    1) : half
    una media hora: half an hour
    medio hermano: half brother
    a media luz: in the half-light
    son las tres y media: it's half past three, it's three-thirty
    2) : midway, halfway
    a medio camino: halfway there
    3) : middle
    la clase media: the middle class
    4) : average
    la temperatura media: the average temperature
    medio nm
    1) centro: middle, center
    en medio de: in the middle of, amid
    2) ambiente: milieu, environment
    3) : medium, spiritualist
    4) : means pl, way
    por medio de: by means of
    los medios de comunicación: the media
    5) medios nmpl
    : means, resources
    * * *
    medio1 adj
    1. (mitad) half
    2. (promedio, normal) average
    medio2 adv half
    medio3 n
    1. (centro) middle
    2. (entorno) environment
    3. (recurso, método) means

    Spanish-English dictionary > medio

  • 4 a

    prep.
    1 to.
    voy a Madrid I'm going to Madrid
    me voy al extranjero I'm going abroad
    llegó a Buenos Aires/a la fiesta he arrived in Buenos Aires/at the party
    2 at (moment).
    a las siete at seven o'clock
    a los once años at the age of eleven
    al caer la noche at nightfall
    al oír la noticia se desmayó on hearing the news, she fainted
    Llegué al amanecer I arrived at dawn.
    3 per, every (frecuency).
    40 horas a la semana 40 hours per o a week
    tres veces al día three times a day
    4 to.
    dáselo a Ricardo give it to Ricardo
    dile a Ricardo que venga tell Ricardo to come
    5 to.
    entró a pagar he came in to pay
    aprender a nadar to learn to swim
    6 by, about to, for.
    * * *
    A, a
    ► nombre femenino (pl as o aes)
    1 (la letra) A, a
    ————————
    A
    1 ( Alteza) Highness; (abreviatura) H
    ————————
    A
    1 ( autopista) motorway; (abreviatura) M
    ————————
    A
    1 ( amperio) ampere, amp; (símbolo) A
    * * *
    prep.
    1) to
    2) into
    3) in
    4) at
    5) on
    6) with
    * * *
    SF = a (=letra) A, a
    * * *
    a femenino (pl aes) ( read as [a]) the letter A, a
    * * *
    = for, per, to.
    Ex. The fine policy matrix corresponds to the loan policy matrix, cell for cell.
    Ex. Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.
    Ex. Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.
    ----
    * a + Adjetivo + escala = on a + Adjetivo + scale.
    * a alguna parte = someplace.
    * a alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.
    * a altas horas de la noche = late at night.
    * a ambas orillas del Atlántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.
    * a ambos lados de = on either side of.
    * a ambos lados del Altántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.
    * a ambos lados de + Lugar = on both sides of + Lugar.
    * a años luz de = light years away from.
    * a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.
    * a bajo coste = low-cost.
    * a bajo costo = low-cost.
    * a bajo nivel = low-level.
    * a bajo precio = lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.
    * a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.
    * a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * a boca de jarro = at close range.
    * a bocajarro = point blank.
    * a bombo y platillo = fanfare, with a bang.
    * a bordo = aboard, on board ship.
    * a bordo de = aboard, onboard.
    * a bordo de un barco = shipboard, on board ship.
    * a buen recaudo = in a safe place, in safekeeping.
    * a caballo = on horseback, astride.
    * a caballo entre = astride... and..., midway between.
    * a caballo entre... y... = half way between... and....
    * a caballo regalado no se le mira el diente = never look a gift horse in the mouth.
    * a cada rato = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.
    * a cambio = in return.
    * a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.
    * a cambio de nada = for nothing.
    * a cántaros = cats and dogs.
    * a cargo = in the saddle.
    * a cargo (de) = charged with, in charge (of), at the helm (of).
    * a cargo de Alguien = under supervision.
    * a cargo de las riendas = in the saddle.
    * a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.
    * a cargo del gobierno = government-operated, government-run.
    * a cargo de una sola persona = one-man band.
    * a cargo de voluntarios = volunteer-run.
    * a chorros = profusely.
    * a ciegas = blindfold, blindly, blindfolded, in the dark.
    * a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.
    * a cierta distancia = some distance away.
    * a cierta distancia de = off.
    * a cierta distancia de la costa = offshore.
    * a cierta distancia del litoral = offshore.
    * a cobro revertido = reverse charges.
    * a color = multi-colour [multi-color -USA].
    * a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.
    * a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.
    * a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.
    * a conciencia = deliberately, wilfully [willfully, -USA], by design, on purpose.
    * a condición de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), providing (that), as long as.
    * a contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.
    * a continuación = next, then, in the following, herewith.
    * a continuación se enumeran = given below.
    * a contracorriente = against the grain.
    * a contraluz = against the light.
    * a contrapelo = against the grain, against the nap.
    * a coro = with one voice, in unison.
    * a corto plazo = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run.
    * a costa de = at the cost of, at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense, at cost of.
    * a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.
    * a costa de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a costa de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a criterio de = at the discretion of.
    * a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.
    * a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.
    * a cualquier precio = at any cost, at all costs, at any price.
    * a cuatro aguas = hipped.
    * a cuatro patas = on all fours, on four legs.
    * a cuenta de = at the expense of.
    * a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.
    * a cuenta de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a cuenta de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.
    * a cuestas = in tow.
    * a decir de todos = by all accounts.
    * a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.
    * a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....
    * a demanda = pro re nata.
    * a deshora(s) = at odd times, out of hours.
    * a día de hoy = as of today.
    * a diario = every day.
    * a diestro y siniestro = like there's no tomorrow.
    * a dieta = on a diet.
    * a diferencia de = apart from, as opposed to, in contradistinction to, as contrasted with, in contrast (to/with), quite apart from, in sharp contrast (with).
    * a diferencia de + Nombre = unlike + Nombre.
    * a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * a discreción = at will, no holds barred.
    * a disgusto = unwillingly, reluctantly.
    * a disposición de = at the disposal of.
    * a distancia = remote, remotely, distantly.
    * a doble espacio = double-spaced.
    * a domicilio = domiciliary.
    * ¿a dónde se dirige(n)...? = whither?.
    * ¿a dónde va(n)...? = whither?.
    * ¿a dónde vas? = quo vadis, whither thou goest.
    * a dos niveles = two-tier.
    * a dos velas = skint, penniless, broke.
    * a duras penas = with great difficulty.
    * a efectos de = in terms of, for the purpose of + Nombre.
    * a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.
    * a él = him.
    * a ellos = them.
    * a escala = drawn-to-scale.
    * a escala industrial = on an industrial scale, industrial-scale.
    * a escala mundial = globally, on a global scale.
    * a escala natural = full-scale.
    * a escondidas = by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the quiet, on the sly.
    * a eso = thereto.
    * a espaldas de = out of sight of.
    * a estas alturas = by now.
    * a este fin = to this end.
    * a este paso = at this rate.
    * a este respecto = in this respect.
    * a este ritmo = at this rate.
    * a estrenar = brand new.
    * a examen = under the microscope.
    * a excepción de = barring, except for, excepting, other than, with the exception of, short of.
    * a excepción de que = except that.
    * a excepción de uno = with one exception.
    * a expensas de = at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense.
    * a expensas de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a expensas de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a + Expresión Temporal = as of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a falta de = for want of, in the absence of, in default of, for lack of, short of.
    * a favor = in favour.
    * a favor de = in favour of.
    * a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.
    * a favor de la esclavitud = pro-slavery.
    * a favor de la raza negra = pro-black [problack].
    * a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.
    * a favor y en contra = pro and con.
    * a + Fecha = as per + Fecha.
    * a finales de = by the end of, at the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a finales de + Expresión Temporal = as of late + Expresión Temporal, at the end of + Expresión Temporal, by the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a finales de + Fecha = in the late + Fecha, in late + Fecha.
    * a finales de los + Década = late + Década, the.
    * a finales del + Siglo = late + Siglo, late period of + Siglo.
    * a fin de cuentas = at the end of the day, in the end, in the final count, in the grand scheme of things, when all is said and done, after all is said and done.
    * a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.
    * a fondo perdido = non-refundable.
    * ¡a freír espárragos! = on your bike!.
    * a fuerza de = by dint of.
    * a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de errores = the hard way.
    * a gas = gas-powered.
    * a gatas = on all fours.
    * a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.
    * a granel = in bulk.
    * a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.
    * a gran velocidad = at great speed.
    * a grito limpio = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * a grito pelado = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * a gritos = vociferously.
    * a groso modo = crudely.
    * a grosso modo = roughly, rough draft.
    * a gusto = at ease, at leisure.
    * a gusto de = to the liking of, at the pleasure of.
    * a horcajadas = astride.
    * a hurtadillas = surreptitiously, by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the sly.
    * a imitación de lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].
    * a iniciativa de = at the initiative of.
    * a iniciativas del gobierno = government-led.
    * a instancia de = at the urging of.
    * a instancias de = at the instigation of, at the behest of, under the auspices of.
    * a intervalos = at intervals.
    * a intervalos + Adjetivo = at + Adjetivo + intervals.
    * a intervalos semanales = at weekly intervals.
    * a invitación de = at the invitation of.
    * a jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].
    * a juicio = on trial.
    * a juicio público = in the public eye.
    * a juzgar por = to judge by, judging by, judging from.
    * a la acuarela = water-coloured [water-colored, -USA].
    * a la alcaldía = mayoral.
    * a la altura de = of the stature of, equal to.
    * a la altura de la cintura = waist high, waist deep.
    * a la altura de la rodilla = knee-high.
    * a la altura de los hombros = shoulder-high.
    * a la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.
    * a la anochecida = at nightfall.
    * a la antigua = old-style.
    * a la antigua usanza = old-style.
    * a la atención de = c/o (care of).
    * a la baja = on the wane.
    * a la brasa = grilled.
    * a la buena de Dios = out in the cold.
    * a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.
    * a la caída de la noche = at nightfall, at twilight.
    * a la caída de la tarde = at twilight.
    * a la carta = a la carte.
    * a la defensiva = on the defensive.
    * a la derecha = at the right.
    * a la derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.
    * a la deriva = rudderless.
    * a la discreción de = at the discretion of.
    * a la disposición de Alguien = at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * a la expectativa de = on the lookout for, on the alert for.
    * a la + Expresión Temporal = a + Expresión Temporal.
    * a la fuerza = forcefully, of necessity, forcibly, compulsorily.
    * a la fuga = on the run, on the lam.
    * a la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio, when it comes to + Gerundio.
    * a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.
    * a la hora del café = at coffee.
    * a la intemperie = in the open, exposed.
    * a la inversa = mirror-fashion, mirror image, in reverse.
    * a la izquierda = at the left.
    * a la larga = in the long term, over the long term, in the end, eventually, for the long pull, over a period of time, over the long haul, in the far term, ultimately, by and by.
    * a la ligera = lightly.
    * a la luz de = in light of, in the light of.
    * a la luz de la luna = by moonlight, in the moonlight, moonlit.
    * a la luz de las estrellas = by starlight.
    * a la luz de las velas = by candlelight, candlelight, candlelit.
    * a la luz del día = in the light of day.
    * a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.
    * a la misma altura que = in the same league as.
    * a la moda = trendy [trendier -comp., trendiest -sup.].
    * a la onda = in the know.
    * a la opinión pública = in the public eye.
    * a la par = in concert, in tandem, neck and neck, in a tandem fashion, in parallel.
    * a la par que = in tandem with, hand in hand (with), as the same time as.
    * a la parrilla = grilled, on the grill.
    * a la perfección = superbly.
    * a la plancha = griddled, on the griddle, on the hotplate.
    * a largo plazo = in the long term, over the long term, long-range, in the long run, long-term, over the long run, over the long haul, long-run, in the far term, far-term.
    * a la salida = on the way out.
    * a la sazón = at that time.
    * a las doce del mediodía = at high noon.
    * a la semana = a week, per week.
    * a las mil maravillas = marvellously [marvelously, -USA], famously, like a house on fire.
    * a la sombra de = in the shadow of.
    * a las puertas de = on the threshold of.
    * a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.
    * a la vanguardia = on the cutting edge, on the leading edge, in the fast lane, on the fast track, at the leading edge, on the bleeding edge.
    * a la vanguardia de = in the vanguard of, at the forefront of, in the forefront of/in, at the vanguard of.
    * a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.
    * a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.
    * a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.
    * a la venta = on release.
    * a la vez = at once, at one time, at similar times, at the same time, concurrently, side-by-side, simultaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, in tandem, at the one time, in a tandem fashion, at a time, in unison.
    * a la vez que = hand in hand (with), cum, in conjunction with, in unison with.
    * a la vista = in sight, within sight.
    * a la vista de = in light of, in the light of.
    * a la vuelta de = on the return leg of.
    * a la zaga = not far behind, in tow.
    * al azar = lucky draw, lucky dip.
    * al extremo norte = northernmost.
    * al extremo oeste = westernmost.
    * al hacer esto = in doing so.
    * al norte del estado = upstate.
    * a lo extremo = to the extreme.
    * a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.
    * a lo hecho, pecho = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk, you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.
    * a lo largo de = along, down, throughout.
    * a lo largo de + Expresión Temporal = sometime + Expresión Temporal.
    * a lo largo de la historia = over time.
    * a lo largo de la ruta = along the way.
    * a lo largo del tiempo = longitudinal, longitudinally.
    * a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.
    * a lo largo y ancho del país = countrywide [country-wide].
    * a lo largo y ancho de + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.
    * a lo lejos = in the distance.
    * a lo loco = helter-skelter, like there's no tomorrow.
    * a lo máximo = at best, at most, at the most.
    * a lo mejor = perhaps.
    * a lo que salga = come what may.
    * a los ojos de = in the eyes of.
    * a lo sumo = at best, at most, at the most.
    * al otro lado del atlántico = across the pond.
    * al otro lado del charco = across the pond.
    * al otro lado del océano = across the pond.
    * a lo zombi = zombielike.
    * a mano = by hand, manually, nearby [near-by], handy, within reach, within easy reach.
    * a mano alzada = by a show of hands.
    * a mano derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.
    * a manojos = by the handful.
    * a manos de = at the hands of.
    * a marchas forzadas = in a rush, against the clock.
    * a mares = cats and dogs.
    * a más largo plazo = longer-term.
    * a más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....
    * a más tardar = at the latest.
    * a mata caballo = in a hurry, hurried, hurriedly, helter-skelter.
    * a media asta = at half-mast, at half staff.
    * a mediados de = in the middle decades of.
    * a mediados de + Fecha = in the mid + Fecha.
    * a mediados de semana = midweek.
    * a media jornada = half-time [half time].
    * a media mañana = mid-morning.
    * a medianoche = at midnight.
    * a medias = half-hearted [halfhearted], qualified.
    * a medias entre... y... = betwixt and between.
    * a medida = custom, bespoke.
    * a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.
    * a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time passes (by).
    * a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.
    * a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que se necesite = on demand, on request, as required.
    * a medida que + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medio abrir = half-opened.
    * a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a medio comprender = half-understood.
    * a medio formar = half-formed.
    * a medio fuego = medium heat.
    * a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.
    * a medio plazo = medium-term, near-term, in the medium term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].
    * a medio rimar = half-rhymed.
    * a medio vestir = half dressed.
    * a menor escala = at a reduced rate.
    * a menos que = unless, short of.
    * a menudo = oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].
    * a merced de = at the mercy of.
    * a mí = me.
    * a mi entender = to my mind.
    * a mi modo de ver = in my books.
    * a mi parecer = to my mind, methinks, in my books.
    * a mitad de = half way through, halfway through.
    * a mitad de camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = midway between, half way between... and....
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = astride... and....
    * a mitad de precio = at half price.
    * a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.
    * a modo de = by way of, in the vein of, as a kind of.
    * a modo de aclaración = in parenthesis, on a sidenote.
    * a modo de advertencia = cautionary.
    * a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.
    * a modo de explicación = parenthetically.
    * a modo de ilustración = by way of illustration.
    * a modo de inciso = in passing, by the way of (a) digression.
    * a modo de paréntesis = parenthetical.
    * a modo de prólogo = prefatory.
    * a modo de resumen = wrap-up.
    * a mogollón = aplenty [a-plenty].
    * a montón = aplenty [a-plenty].
    * a montones = in droves, by the sackful.
    * a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].
    * a muerte = bitter, bitterly.
    * a nadie le importa nada = nobody + gives a damn.
    * a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.
    * a nivel de calle = on the ground level.
    * a nivel de la calle = at ground level.
    * a nivel del suelo = at ground level.
    * a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].
    * a nivel federal = federally, federally.
    * a nivel individual = privately.
    * a nivel local = locally, domestically.
    * a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].
    * a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.
    * a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].
    * a nivel privado = privately.
    * a nivel regional = regionally.
    * a nombre de = payable to.
    * a no ser que = unless.
    * a nosotros = us.
    * a ojo = ocular.
    * a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * a orillas del océano = oceanfront.
    * a orillas del río = riverfront.
    * a orillas de un lago = lakeside, lakefront, by the lakeside.
    * a otro sitio = somewhere else.
    * a pares = in pairs.
    * a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).
    * a partir de = on the basis of, based on, working from, from, on a diet of, in response to.
    * a partir de ahora = from now on, from this point on, henceforth, as of now.
    * a partir de ahora y durante + Cuantificador + años = for + Cuantificador + years to come.
    * a partir de aquí = hereupon.
    * a partir de ello = therefrom.
    * a partir de entonces = from this time on, hereafter, thereafter, whereafter, from then on, thenceforth, henceforth, from that moment on.
    * a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.
    * a partir de este momento = hereinafter.
    * a partir de esto = on this basis, on that basis.
    * a partir de + Fecha = from + Fecha, effective + Fecha.
    * a partir de hoy = as from today.
    * a partir de la medianoche = late night.
    * a partir de los títulos = title-based.
    * a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.
    * a paso ligero = on the double.
    * a pasos agigantados = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates, by leaps and bounds.
    * a pedir de boca = without a hitch.
    * a pequeña escala = in a small way, small scale [small-scale].
    * a perpetuidad = in perpetuity.
    * a pesar de (que) = albeit (that), despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.
    * a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.
    * a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.
    * a petición de = at the request of, at the urging of, at the behest of.
    * a petición del usuario = on demand, on request.
    * a petición popular = by popular demand.
    * a pie = on foot, afoot, dismounted.
    * a pilas = battery-operated.
    * a pique = sinking.
    * a placer = at will.
    * a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.
    * a poca distancia = not far behind.
    * a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.
    * a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a porrillo = by the handful.
    * a + Posesivo + aire = to + Posesivo + heart's content.
    * a + Posesivo + alcance = in the ballpark for + Pronombre, in + Posesivo + ballpark range.
    * a + Posesivo + costa = at + Posesivo + expense.
    * a + Posesivo + cuidado = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.
    * a + Posesivo + discreción = at will, at + Posesivo + discretion.
    * a + Posesivo + disposición = at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.
    * a + Posesivo + espaldas = behind + Posesivo + back.
    * a + Posesivo + expensas = at + Posesivo + expense.
    * a + Posesivo + favor = in + Posesivo + favour, to + Posesivo + credit.
    * a + Posesivo + juicio = in + Posesivo + estimation.
    * a + Posesivo + manera = in + Posesivo + own way.
    * a + Posesivo + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.
    * a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.
    * a + Posesivo + servicio = at + Posesivo + service.
    * a + Posesivo + sorprender = much to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * a + Posesivo + vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * a posteriori = reactive, in retrospect, after-the-fact, hindsight, with hindsight, a posteriori, in hindsight.
    * a precio de coste = at cost price, at cost.
    * a precio de costo = at cost price, at cost.
    * a precio de ganga = at a steal.
    * a precio especial = at reduced cost, discounted, cut-rate, cut-price.
    * a precio razonable = at reasonable cost(s).
    * a precio reducido = at a discount.
    * a precios competitivos = competitively priced.
    * a precios especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.
    * a precios razonables = at affordable prices.
    * a presión = pressurised [pressurized, -USA].
    * a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.
    * a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.
    * a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.
    * a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.
    * a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * a principios de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * a principios de los + Década = early + Década, the.
    * a priori = proactive [pro-active], foresight, a priori, on the surface.
    * a prisa = quickly.
    * a propósito = deliberate, for the record, incidentally, intentionally, by the way, in passing, anecdotally, purposely, by design, on purpose, wilfully [willfully, -USA], on a sidenote, studiously, by the way of (a) digression, by the by(e), speaking of which, designedly.
    * a propósito de = apropos of.
    * a propósito de nada = for no specific reason, for no particular reason.
    * a prueba = on trial.
    * a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.
    * a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.
    * a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.
    * a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].
    * a prueba de niños = childproof.
    * a prueba de robos = theft proof.
    * a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.
    * a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].
    * a prueba de viento = windproof.
    * a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.
    * a punta de pistola = at gunpoint.
    * a punto de = on the verge of, a heartbeat away from.
    * a punto de + Infinitivo = about to + Infinitivo.
    * a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.
    * a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.
    * a puñados = by the sackful, by the handful.
    * a quemarropa = point blank.
    * a quien madruga, Dios le ayuda = the early bird catches the worm.
    * a quienquiera que = whomever.
    * a rachas = by fits and starts.
    * a ráfagas = in bursts.
    * a raíz de = in the wake of.
    * a rajatabla = to the letter.
    * a ras de = flush with.
    * a ras de la calle = ground-floor.
    * a ras del suelo = at ground level.
    * a rastras = in tow.
    * a ratos = intermittently.
    * a reacción = jet-assisted.
    * a rebosar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.
    * a regañadientes = grudgingly, grudging, begrudgingly, unwillingly, reluctantly.
    * a régimen = on a diet.
    * a remolque = in tow.
    * a reventar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.
    * a saber = namely, viz, to wit.
    * a sabiendas = knowing, knowingly, wilfully [willfully, -USA].
    * a sabiendas de que = on the understanding that.
    * a sacudidas = jerkily.
    * a saltitos = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].
    * a salvo = in a safe place, in safekeeping, out of harm's way.
    * a sangre fría = cold-blooded.
    * a ser posible = if possible.
    * a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.
    * a solas = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.
    * a su debido tiempo = in due course, timely, in due time.
    * a sueldo = paid.
    * a su precio normal = at full price.
    * a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.
    * a su tiempo = in a timely fashion, in due course, in a timely manner.
    * a su vez = Verbo + further, in turn, in its/their turn.
    * a tal efecto = to this effect.
    * a tales efectos = hereto.
    * a tarifa reducida = at reduced cost.
    * a tarifas especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.
    * a temperatura ambiente = at room temperature.
    * a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.
    * a tenor de = in light of, in the face of, in the light of, in view of.
    * a ti = you, thee.
    * a tiempo = in timely fashion, on time, promptly, timely, just in time, in time.
    * a tiempo completo = full-time.
    * a tiempo parcial = part-time.
    * a tientas = in the dark.
    * a tientas y a ciegas = blindly, in the dark.
    * a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.
    * a tiro = within gunshot, within range.
    * a tirones = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].
    * a título de = by way of, for the sake of.
    * a título gratuito = gratuitous.
    * a título personal = in a personal capacity, in a private capacity.
    * a toda costa = absolutely, at all costs, come what may, at any cost, at any price.
    * a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.
    * a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, overdrive, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda prueba = unswerving.
    * a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.
    * a todas luces = patently.
    * a todas partes = far and wide.
    * a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a todo alrededor = all round.
    * a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.
    * a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo lo largo de = the length of.
    * a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed, at full throttle.
    * a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.
    * a todos lados = far and wide.
    * a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.
    * a todos los niveles = at all levels.
    * a todos nosotros = us all.
    * a todos por igual = one size fits all.
    * a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo volumen = at full blast.
    * a tontas y a ciegas = headlong, runaway.
    * a tontas y locas = like there's no tomorrow, without rhyme or reason.
    * a tope = packed to capacity, in the fast lane, fast lane, choc-a-block, chock-full, in full swing, in full gear, packed to the rafters.
    * a trancas y barrancas = with great difficulty, by fits and starts.
    * a través de = by way of, in the form of, through, via, out of, through the agency of.
    * a través de Internet = Internet-based, Web-based, Web-supported.
    * a través de la historia = over time.
    * a través de la TI = IT-enabled.
    * a través de la web = Web-based, Web-supported.
    * a través de los años = over the years, down the years.
    * a través de los ojos de = through the eyes of.
    * a través de los siglos = over the centuries.
    * a través del teléfono = call-in.
    * a través del tiempo = over time.
    * a través de operador = operator-assisted.
    * a tres bandas = three pronged.
    * a tres niveles = three-tiered.
    * a troche y moche = like there's no tomorrow.
    * a trompicones = by fits and starts.
    * a tropezones = falteringly, hesitantly, haltingly, jerkily.
    * a trozos = piecewise.
    * ¡A tu salud! = Here's to you!.
    * a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.
    * a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.
    [b]* a últ
    * * *
    a femenino (pl aes) ( read as [a]) the letter A, a
    * * *
    = for, per, to.

    Ex: The fine policy matrix corresponds to the loan policy matrix, cell for cell.

    Ex: Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.
    Ex: Accessibility to the documents stored in files is an important factor, so the physical storage is important.
    * a + Adjetivo + escala = on a + Adjetivo + scale.
    * a alguna parte = someplace.
    * a alta presión = high-pressured, high-pressure.
    * a altas horas de la noche = late at night.
    * a ambas orillas del Atlántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.
    * a ambos lados de = on either side of.
    * a ambos lados del Altántico = on both sides of the ocean, on both sides of the Atlantic.
    * a ambos lados de + Lugar = on both sides of + Lugar.
    * a años luz de = light years away from.
    * a bajas temperaturas = at low temperature.
    * a bajo coste = low-cost.
    * a bajo costo = low-cost.
    * a bajo nivel = low-level.
    * a bajo precio = lower-cost, at a low price, on the cheap.
    * a base de = in the form of, on a diet of.
    * a base de carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * a base de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a base de errores = the hard way.
    * a boca de jarro = at close range.
    * a bocajarro = point blank.
    * a bombo y platillo = fanfare, with a bang.
    * a bordo = aboard, on board ship.
    * a bordo de = aboard, onboard.
    * a bordo de un barco = shipboard, on board ship.
    * a buen recaudo = in a safe place, in safekeeping.
    * a caballo = on horseback, astride.
    * a caballo entre = astride... and..., midway between.
    * a caballo entre... y... = half way between... and....
    * a caballo regalado no se le mira el diente = never look a gift horse in the mouth.
    * a cada rato = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.
    * a cambio = in return.
    * a cambio de = in exchange for, in return for.
    * a cambio de nada = for nothing.
    * a cántaros = cats and dogs.
    * a cargo = in the saddle.
    * a cargo (de) = charged with, in charge (of), at the helm (of).
    * a cargo de Alguien = under supervision.
    * a cargo de las riendas = in the saddle.
    * a cargo del ayuntamiento = local authority-run.
    * a cargo del gobierno = government-operated, government-run.
    * a cargo de una sola persona = one-man band.
    * a cargo de voluntarios = volunteer-run.
    * a chorros = profusely.
    * a ciegas = blindfold, blindly, blindfolded, in the dark.
    * a ciencia cierta = for sure, for certain.
    * a cierta distancia = some distance away.
    * a cierta distancia de = off.
    * a cierta distancia de la costa = offshore.
    * a cierta distancia del litoral = offshore.
    * a cobro revertido = reverse charges.
    * a color = multi-colour [multi-color -USA].
    * a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.
    * a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.
    * a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.
    * a conciencia = deliberately, wilfully [willfully, -USA], by design, on purpose.
    * a condición de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), providing (that), as long as.
    * a contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.
    * a continuación = next, then, in the following, herewith.
    * a continuación se enumeran = given below.
    * a contracorriente = against the grain.
    * a contraluz = against the light.
    * a contrapelo = against the grain, against the nap.
    * a coro = with one voice, in unison.
    * a corto plazo = before very long, short term [short-term], in the short run, short-range, at short notice, in the short term, short-run.
    * a costa de = at the cost of, at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense, at cost of.
    * a costa de mucho = at (a) great expense.
    * a costa de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a costa de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a criterio de = at the discretion of.
    * a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.
    * a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.
    * a cualquier precio = at any cost, at all costs, at any price.
    * a cuatro aguas = hipped.
    * a cuatro patas = on all fours, on four legs.
    * a cuenta de = at the expense of.
    * a cuenta de la empresa = at company expense.
    * a cuenta de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a cuenta de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.
    * a cuerpo de rey = the lap of luxury.
    * a cuestas = in tow.
    * a decir de todos = by all accounts.
    * a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.
    * a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....
    * a demanda = pro re nata.
    * a deshora(s) = at odd times, out of hours.
    * a día de hoy = as of today.
    * a diario = every day.
    * a diestro y siniestro = like there's no tomorrow.
    * a dieta = on a diet.
    * a diferencia de = apart from, as opposed to, in contradistinction to, as contrasted with, in contrast (to/with), quite apart from, in sharp contrast (with).
    * a diferencia de + Nombre = unlike + Nombre.
    * a diferentes niveles = multi-tiered [multitiered], multi-tier [multitier].
    * a discreción = at will, no holds barred.
    * a disgusto = unwillingly, reluctantly.
    * a disposición de = at the disposal of.
    * a distancia = remote, remotely, distantly.
    * a doble espacio = double-spaced.
    * a domicilio = domiciliary.
    * ¿a dónde se dirige(n)...? = whither?.
    * ¿a dónde va(n)...? = whither?.
    * ¿a dónde vas? = quo vadis, whither thou goest.
    * a dos niveles = two-tier.
    * a dos velas = skint, penniless, broke.
    * a duras penas = with great difficulty.
    * a efectos de = in terms of, for the purpose of + Nombre.
    * a efectos prácticos = to all intents and purposes, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes, to all intents.
    * a él = him.
    * a ellos = them.
    * a escala = drawn-to-scale.
    * a escala industrial = on an industrial scale, industrial-scale.
    * a escala mundial = globally, on a global scale.
    * a escala natural = full-scale.
    * a escondidas = by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the quiet, on the sly.
    * a eso = thereto.
    * a espaldas de = out of sight of.
    * a estas alturas = by now.
    * a este fin = to this end.
    * a este paso = at this rate.
    * a este respecto = in this respect.
    * a este ritmo = at this rate.
    * a estrenar = brand new.
    * a examen = under the microscope.
    * a excepción de = barring, except for, excepting, other than, with the exception of, short of.
    * a excepción de que = except that.
    * a excepción de uno = with one exception.
    * a expensas de = at the expense of, at + Nombre's + expense.
    * a expensas de otro = at someone else's expense.
    * a expensas de otros = at other people's expense.
    * a + Expresión Temporal = as of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a falta de = for want of, in the absence of, in default of, for lack of, short of.
    * a favor = in favour.
    * a favor de = in favour of.
    * a favor de la decisión personal sobre el aborto = pro-choice.
    * a favor de la esclavitud = pro-slavery.
    * a favor de la raza negra = pro-black [problack].
    * a favor de la vida humana = pro-life.
    * a favor y en contra = pro and con.
    * a + Fecha = as per + Fecha.
    * a finales de = by the end of, at the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a finales de + Expresión Temporal = as of late + Expresión Temporal, at the end of + Expresión Temporal, by the close of + Expresión Temporal.
    * a finales de + Fecha = in the late + Fecha, in late + Fecha.
    * a finales de los + Década = late + Década, the.
    * a finales del + Siglo = late + Siglo, late period of + Siglo.
    * a fin de cuentas = at the end of the day, in the end, in the final count, in the grand scheme of things, when all is said and done, after all is said and done.
    * a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.
    * a fondo perdido = non-refundable.
    * ¡a freír espárragos! = on your bike!.
    * a fuerza de = by dint of.
    * a fuerza de cometer errores = the hard way.
    * a fuerza de errores = the hard way.
    * a gas = gas-powered.
    * a gatas = on all fours.
    * a grandes rasgos = broadly, rough draft.
    * a granel = in bulk.
    * a gran escala = large scale [large-scale], massive, on a wide scale, high-volume, wide-scale, on a broad scale, in a big way, on a grand scale.
    * a gran velocidad = at great speed.
    * a grito limpio = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * a grito pelado = at the top of + Posesivo + voice.
    * a gritos = vociferously.
    * a groso modo = crudely.
    * a grosso modo = roughly, rough draft.
    * a gusto = at ease, at leisure.
    * a gusto de = to the liking of, at the pleasure of.
    * a horcajadas = astride.
    * a hurtadillas = surreptitiously, by stealth, stealthily, furtively, on the sly.
    * a imitación de lo clásico = classicising [classicizing, -USA], classicised [classicized, -USA].
    * a iniciativa de = at the initiative of.
    * a iniciativas del gobierno = government-led.
    * a instancia de = at the urging of.
    * a instancias de = at the instigation of, at the behest of, under the auspices of.
    * a intervalos = at intervals.
    * a intervalos + Adjetivo = at + Adjetivo + intervals.
    * a intervalos semanales = at weekly intervals.
    * a invitación de = at the invitation of.
    * a jabón = soapy [soapier -comp., soapiest -sup.].
    * a juicio = on trial.
    * a juicio público = in the public eye.
    * a juzgar por = to judge by, judging by, judging from.
    * a la acuarela = water-coloured [water-colored, -USA].
    * a la alcaldía = mayoral.
    * a la altura de = of the stature of, equal to.
    * a la altura de la cintura = waist high, waist deep.
    * a la altura de la rodilla = knee-high.
    * a la altura de los hombros = shoulder-high.
    * a la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.
    * a la anochecida = at nightfall.
    * a la antigua = old-style.
    * a la antigua usanza = old-style.
    * a la atención de = c/o (care of).
    * a la baja = on the wane.
    * a la brasa = grilled.
    * a la buena de Dios = out in the cold.
    * a la cabeza de = in the forefront of/in.
    * a la caída de la noche = at nightfall, at twilight.
    * a la caída de la tarde = at twilight.
    * a la carta = a la carte.
    * a la defensiva = on the defensive.
    * a la derecha = at the right.
    * a la derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.
    * a la deriva = rudderless.
    * a la discreción de = at the discretion of.
    * a la disposición de Alguien = at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * a la expectativa de = on the lookout for, on the alert for.
    * a la + Expresión Temporal = a + Expresión Temporal.
    * a la fuerza = forcefully, of necessity, forcibly, compulsorily.
    * a la fuga = on the run, on the lam.
    * a la hora de + Infinitivo = when it came to + Gerundio, when it comes to + Gerundio.
    * a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.
    * a la hora del café = at coffee.
    * a la intemperie = in the open, exposed.
    * a la inversa = mirror-fashion, mirror image, in reverse.
    * a la izquierda = at the left.
    * a la larga = in the long term, over the long term, in the end, eventually, for the long pull, over a period of time, over the long haul, in the far term, ultimately, by and by.
    * a la ligera = lightly.
    * a la luz de = in light of, in the light of.
    * a la luz de la luna = by moonlight, in the moonlight, moonlit.
    * a la luz de las estrellas = by starlight.
    * a la luz de las velas = by candlelight, candlelight, candlelit.
    * a la luz del día = in the light of day.
    * a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.
    * a la mano de = available at the fingertips of.
    * a la misma altura que = in the same league as.
    * a la moda = trendy [trendier -comp., trendiest -sup.].
    * a la onda = in the know.
    * a la opinión pública = in the public eye.
    * a la par = in concert, in tandem, neck and neck, in a tandem fashion, in parallel.
    * a la par que = in tandem with, hand in hand (with), as the same time as.
    * a la parrilla = grilled, on the grill.
    * a la perfección = superbly.
    * a la plancha = griddled, on the griddle, on the hotplate.
    * a largo plazo = in the long term, over the long term, long-range, in the long run, long-term, over the long run, over the long haul, long-run, in the far term, far-term.
    * a la salida = on the way out.
    * a la sazón = at that time.
    * a las doce del mediodía = at high noon.
    * a la semana = a week, per week.
    * a las mil maravillas = marvellously [marvelously, -USA], famously, like a house on fire.
    * a la sombra de = in the shadow of.
    * a las puertas de = on the threshold of.
    * a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.
    * a la vanguardia = on the cutting edge, on the leading edge, in the fast lane, on the fast track, at the leading edge, on the bleeding edge.
    * a la vanguardia de = in the vanguard of, at the forefront of, in the forefront of/in, at the vanguard of.
    * a la velocidad de la luz = at the speed of light.
    * a la velocidad del rayo = at the speed of lightning.
    * a la velocidad del sonido = at the speed of sound.
    * a la venta = on release.
    * a la vez = at once, at one time, at similar times, at the same time, concurrently, side-by-side, simultaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, in tandem, at the one time, in a tandem fashion, at a time, in unison.
    * a la vez que = hand in hand (with), cum, in conjunction with, in unison with.
    * a la vista = in sight, within sight.
    * a la vista de = in light of, in the light of.
    * a la vuelta de = on the return leg of.
    * a la zaga = not far behind, in tow.
    * al azar = lucky draw, lucky dip.
    * al extremo norte = northernmost.
    * al extremo oeste = westernmost.
    * al hacer esto = in doing so.
    * al norte del estado = upstate.
    * a lo extremo = to the extreme.
    * a lo grande = in a big way, big time, grandly, on a grand scale.
    * a lo hecho, pecho = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk, you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.
    * a lo largo de = along, down, throughout.
    * a lo largo de + Expresión Temporal = sometime + Expresión Temporal.
    * a lo largo de la historia = over time.
    * a lo largo de la ruta = along the way.
    * a lo largo del tiempo = longitudinal, longitudinally.
    * a lo largo de todo = the entire length of.
    * a lo largo y ancho del país = countrywide [country-wide].
    * a lo largo y ancho de + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.
    * a lo lejos = in the distance.
    * a lo loco = helter-skelter, like there's no tomorrow.
    * a lo máximo = at best, at most, at the most.
    * a lo mejor = perhaps.
    * a lo que salga = come what may.
    * a los ojos de = in the eyes of.
    * a lo sumo = at best, at most, at the most.
    * al otro lado del atlántico = across the pond.
    * al otro lado del charco = across the pond.
    * al otro lado del océano = across the pond.
    * a lo zombi = zombielike.
    * a mano = by hand, manually, nearby [near-by], handy, within reach, within easy reach.
    * a mano alzada = by a show of hands.
    * a mano derecha de = on the right side of, on the right-hand side of.
    * a manojos = by the handful.
    * a manos de = at the hands of.
    * a marchas forzadas = in a rush, against the clock.
    * a mares = cats and dogs.
    * a más largo plazo = longer-term.
    * a más..., más... = the + Comparativo..., the + Comparativo....
    * a más tardar = at the latest.
    * a mata caballo = in a hurry, hurried, hurriedly, helter-skelter.
    * a media asta = at half-mast, at half staff.
    * a mediados de = in the middle decades of.
    * a mediados de + Fecha = in the mid + Fecha.
    * a mediados de semana = midweek.
    * a media jornada = half-time [half time].
    * a media mañana = mid-morning.
    * a medianoche = at midnight.
    * a medias = half-hearted [halfhearted], qualified.
    * a medias entre... y... = betwixt and between.
    * a medida = custom, bespoke.
    * a medida que + avanzar + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + avanzar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.
    * a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time passes (by).
    * a medida que pasa + Expresión Temporal = as + Expresión Temporal + go by.
    * a medida que + pasar + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + pasar + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medida que se necesite = on demand, on request, as required.
    * a medida que + transcurrir + el año = as the year + wear on.
    * a medida que + transcurrir + el día = as the day + wear on.
    * a medio abrir = half-opened.
    * a medio camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a medio comprender = half-understood.
    * a medio formar = half-formed.
    * a medio fuego = medium heat.
    * a medio hacer = halfway done, half done.
    * a medio plazo = medium-term, near-term, in the medium term, in the mid-term, mid-term [midterm].
    * a medio rimar = half-rhymed.
    * a medio vestir = half dressed.
    * a menor escala = at a reduced rate.
    * a menos que = unless, short of.
    * a menudo = oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].
    * a merced de = at the mercy of.
    * a mí = me.
    * a mi entender = to my mind.
    * a mi modo de ver = in my books.
    * a mi parecer = to my mind, methinks, in my books.
    * a mitad de = half way through, halfway through.
    * a mitad de camino = halfway [half-way/half way].
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = midway between, half way between... and....
    * a mitad de camino entre... y... = astride... and....
    * a mitad de precio = at half price.
    * a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.
    * a modo de = by way of, in the vein of, as a kind of.
    * a modo de aclaración = in parenthesis, on a sidenote.
    * a modo de advertencia = cautionary.
    * a modo de ejemplo = by way of illustration.
    * a modo de explicación = parenthetically.
    * a modo de ilustración = by way of illustration.
    * a modo de inciso = in passing, by the way of (a) digression.
    * a modo de paréntesis = parenthetical.
    * a modo de prólogo = prefatory.
    * a modo de resumen = wrap-up.
    * a mogollón = aplenty [a-plenty].
    * a montón = aplenty [a-plenty].
    * a montones = in droves, by the sackful.
    * a muchos niveles = many-levelled [many-leveled, -USA].
    * a muerte = bitter, bitterly.
    * a nadie le importa nada = nobody + gives a damn.
    * a nivel de barrio = neighbourhood-based.
    * a nivel de calle = on the ground level.
    * a nivel de la calle = at ground level.
    * a nivel del suelo = at ground level.
    * a nivel estatal = statewide [state-wide].
    * a nivel federal = federally, federally.
    * a nivel individual = privately.
    * a nivel local = locally, domestically.
    * a nivel multicultural = multi-culturally [multiculturally].
    * a nivel mundial = worldwide [world-wide], globally.
    * a nivel nacional = nationally, domestically, countrywide [country-wide].
    * a nivel privado = privately.
    * a nivel regional = regionally.
    * a nombre de = payable to.
    * a no ser que = unless.
    * a nosotros = us.
    * a ojo = ocular.
    * a ojos vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * a orillas del océano = oceanfront.
    * a orillas del río = riverfront.
    * a orillas de un lago = lakeside, lakefront, by the lakeside.
    * a otro sitio = somewhere else.
    * a pares = in pairs.
    * a partes iguales = share and share alike, in equal measure(s).
    * a partir de = on the basis of, based on, working from, from, on a diet of, in response to.
    * a partir de ahora = from now on, from this point on, henceforth, as of now.
    * a partir de ahora y durante + Cuantificador + años = for + Cuantificador + years to come.
    * a partir de aquí = hereupon.
    * a partir de ello = therefrom.
    * a partir de entonces = from this time on, hereafter, thereafter, whereafter, from then on, thenceforth, henceforth, from that moment on.
    * a partir de ese momento = from that moment on.
    * a partir de este momento = hereinafter.
    * a partir de esto = on this basis, on that basis.
    * a partir de + Fecha = from + Fecha, effective + Fecha.
    * a partir de hoy = as from today.
    * a partir de la medianoche = late night.
    * a partir de los títulos = title-based.
    * a paso de tortuga = at a snail's pace.
    * a paso ligero = on the double.
    * a pasos agigantados = at an exponential rate, at exponential rates, by leaps and bounds.
    * a pedir de boca = without a hitch.
    * a pequeña escala = in a small way, small scale [small-scale].
    * a perpetuidad = in perpetuity.
    * a pesar de (que) = albeit (that), despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.
    * a pesar de todo = all the same, in spite of everything, despite everything, despite it all, in spite of it all, all this said.
    * a pesar de todo + Posesivo + Nombre = for all + Posesivo + Nombre.
    * a petición de = at the request of, at the urging of, at the behest of.
    * a petición del usuario = on demand, on request.
    * a petición popular = by popular demand.
    * a pie = on foot, afoot, dismounted.
    * a pilas = battery-operated.
    * a pique = sinking.
    * a placer = at will.
    * a plena luz del día = in broad daylight.
    * a poca distancia = not far behind.
    * a poca distancia andando = within walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a poca distancia a pie = within an easy walk, within walking distance.
    * a pocos minutos andando = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a pocos minutos a pie = within walking distance, within easy walking distance, within an easy walk.
    * a porrillo = by the handful.
    * a + Posesivo + aire = to + Posesivo + heart's content.
    * a + Posesivo + alcance = in the ballpark for + Pronombre, in + Posesivo + ballpark range.
    * a + Posesivo + costa = at + Posesivo + expense.
    * a + Posesivo + cuidado = in + Posesivo + safekeeping.
    * a + Posesivo + discreción = at will, at + Posesivo + discretion.
    * a + Posesivo + disposición = at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * a + Posesivo + entender = to the best of + Posesivo + belief.
    * a + Posesivo + espaldas = behind + Posesivo + back.
    * a + Posesivo + expensas = at + Posesivo + expense.
    * a + Posesivo + favor = in + Posesivo + favour, to + Posesivo + credit.
    * a + Posesivo + juicio = in + Posesivo + estimation.
    * a + Posesivo + manera = in + Posesivo + own way.
    * a + Posesivo + saber = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge.
    * a + Posesivo + saber y entender = to the best of + Posesivo + knowledge and belief.
    * a + Posesivo + servicio = at + Posesivo + service.
    * a + Posesivo + sorprender = much to + Posesivo + surprise.
    * a + Posesivo + vista = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes.
    * a posteriori = reactive, in retrospect, after-the-fact, hindsight, with hindsight, a posteriori, in hindsight.
    * a precio de coste = at cost price, at cost.
    * a precio de costo = at cost price, at cost.
    * a precio de ganga = at a steal.
    * a precio especial = at reduced cost, discounted, cut-rate, cut-price.
    * a precio razonable = at reasonable cost(s).
    * a precio reducido = at a discount.
    * a precios competitivos = competitively priced.
    * a precios especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.
    * a precios razonables = at affordable prices.
    * a presión = pressurised [pressurized, -USA].
    * a primera hora de la mañana = first thing in the morning.
    * a primera hora de + Período del Día = first thing + Período del Día.
    * a primeras horas de la tarde = late afternoon.
    * a primera vista = on first acquaintance, at first sight, on first inspection, on the face of it, at first blush, at first glance, on the surface, prima facie, first-blush.
    * a primeros de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * a principios de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha.
    * a principios de los + Década = early + Década, the.
    * a priori = proactive [pro-active], foresight, a priori, on the surface.
    * a prisa = quickly.
    * a propósito = deliberate, for the record, incidentally, intentionally, by the way, in passing, anecdotally, purposely, by design, on purpose, wilfully [willfully, -USA], on a sidenote, studiously, by the way of (a) digression, by the by(e), speaking of which, designedly.
    * a propósito de = apropos of.
    * a propósito de nada = for no specific reason, for no particular reason.
    * a prueba = on trial.
    * a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.
    * a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.
    * a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.
    * a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].
    * a prueba de niños = childproof.
    * a prueba de robos = theft proof.
    * a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.
    * a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].
    * a prueba de viento = windproof.
    * a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.
    * a punta de pistola = at gunpoint.
    * a punto de = on the verge of, a heartbeat away from.
    * a punto de + Infinitivo = about to + Infinitivo.
    * a punto de irse a pique = on the rocks.
    * a punto de morir = on + Posesivo + deathbed.
    * a puñados = by the sackful, by the handful.
    * a quemarropa = point blank.
    * a quien madruga, Dios le ayuda = the early bird catches the worm.
    * a quienquiera que = whomever.
    * a rachas = by fits and starts.
    * a ráfagas = in bursts.
    * a raíz de = in the wake of.
    * a rajatabla = to the letter.
    * a ras de = flush with.
    * a ras de la calle = ground-floor.
    * a ras del suelo = at ground level.
    * a rastras = in tow.
    * a ratos = intermittently.
    * a reacción = jet-assisted.
    * a rebosar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.
    * a regañadientes = grudgingly, grudging, begrudgingly, unwillingly, reluctantly.
    * a régimen = on a diet.
    * a remolque = in tow.
    * a reventar (de) = jam-packed (with), filled to capacity.
    * a saber = namely, viz, to wit.
    * a sabiendas = knowing, knowingly, wilfully [willfully, -USA].
    * a sabiendas de que = on the understanding that.
    * a sacudidas = jerkily.
    * a saltitos = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].
    * a salvo = in a safe place, in safekeeping, out of harm's way.
    * a sangre fría = cold-blooded.
    * a ser posible = if possible.
    * a simple vista = by the naked eye, superficially, on first thought.
    * a solas = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.
    * a su debido tiempo = in due course, timely, in due time.
    * a sueldo = paid.
    * a su precio normal = at full price.
    * a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.
    * a su tiempo = in a timely fashion, in due course, in a timely manner.
    * a su vez = Verbo + further, in turn, in its/their turn.
    * a tal efecto = to this effect.
    * a tales efectos = hereto.
    * a tarifa reducida = at reduced cost.
    * a tarifas especiales = at reduced rates, at preferential rates.
    * a temperatura ambiente = at room temperature.
    * a tener en cuenta en el futuro = for future reference.
    * a tenor de = in light of, in the face of, in the light of, in view of.
    * a ti = you, thee.
    * a tiempo = in timely fashion, on time, promptly, timely, just in time, in time.
    * a tiempo completo = full-time.
    * a tiempo parcial = part-time.
    * a tientas = in the dark.
    * a tientas y a ciegas = blindly, in the dark.
    * a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.
    * a tiro = within gunshot, within range.
    * a tirones = jerky [jerkier -comp., jerkiest -sup.].
    * a título de = by way of, for the sake of.
    * a título gratuito = gratuitous.
    * a título personal = in a personal capacity, in a private capacity.
    * a toda costa = absolutely, at all costs, come what may, at any cost, at any price.
    * a toda máquina = in the fast lane, fast lane, full steam ahead, at full tilt, full-tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda marcha = at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda mecha = at a rate of knots, full steam ahead, at full blast, at full throttle, at top speed, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a toda pasta = at a rate of knots.
    * a toda pastilla = in the fast lane, on the fast track, fast lane, overdrive, full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at a rate of knots, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a toda prueba = unswerving.
    * a todas horas = at all hours, around the clock.
    * a todas luces = patently.
    * a todas partes = far and wide.
    * a toda velocidad = full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed.
    * a todo alrededor = all round.
    * a todo color = full-colour, in full colour.
    * a todo gas = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo lo largo de = the length of.
    * a todo meter = full steam ahead, at full stretch, at full speed, at full blast, at top speed, at full throttle.
    * a todo ritmo = in full swing, in full force, in full gear.
    * a todos lados = far and wide.
    * a todos los efectos = to all intents and purposes, to all intents, for all practical purposes, for all intents and purposes.
    * a todos los niveles = at all levels.
    * a todos nosotros = us all.
    * a todos por igual = one size fits all.
    * a todo vapor = full steam ahead, full-tilt, at full tilt, full-throttle, at full throttle, at top speed, at full blast, at full speed, at full stretch.
    * a todo volumen = at full blast.
    * a tontas y a ciegas = headlong, runaway.
    * a tontas y locas = like there's no tomorrow, without rhyme or reason.
    * a tope = packed to capacity, in the fast lane, fast lane, choc-a-block, chock-full, in full swing, in full gear, packed to the rafters.
    * a trancas y barrancas = with great difficulty, by fits and starts.
    * a través de = by way of, in the form of, through, via, out of, through the agency of.
    * a través de Internet = Internet-based, Web-based, Web-supported.
    * a través de la historia = over time.
    * a través de la TI = IT-enabled.
    * a través de la web = Web-based, Web-supported.
    * a través de los años = over the years, down the years.
    * a través de los ojos de = through the eyes of.
    * a través de los siglos = over the centuries.
    * a través del teléfono = call-in.
    * a través del tiempo = over time.
    * a través de operador = operator-assisted.
    * a tres bandas = three pronged.
    * a tres niveles = three-tiered.
    * a troche y moche = like there's no tomorrow.
    * a trompicones = by fits and starts.
    * a tropezones = falteringly, hesitantly, haltingly, jerkily.
    * a trozos = piecewise.
    * ¡A tu salud! = Here's to you!.
    * a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.
    * a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.
    * a últ

    * * *
    a
    La preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.
    No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan como quien, alguien, etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, pasear al perro = to walk the dog.
    En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a.
    A (en relaciones de espacio, lugar)
    voy a México/a la fiesta I'm going to Mexico/to the party
    voy a casa I'm going home
    dobla a la derecha turn right
    se cayó al río she fell into the river
    estaban sentados a la mesa they were sitting at the table
    a orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebro
    se sentó al sol he sat in the sun
    se sentó a mi derecha he sat down to the right of me o on my right
    a la vuelta de la esquina around the corner
    queda al norte de Toledo it's (to the) north of Toledo
    3
    (indicando distancia): está a diez kilómetros de aquí it's ten kilometers from here, it's ten kilometers away
    está a unos 20 minutos de aquí it takes o it's about 20 minutes from here, it's a 20 minute drive ( o walk etc) from here
    1 (señalando hora, momento, fecha) at
    abren a las ocho they open at eight o'clock
    ¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?
    a eso de las dos at around o about two o'clock
    a mediados de abril in mid-April
    hoy estamos a 20 it's the 20th today
    al día siguiente the next o following day
    empezó a hablar a los diez meses he started talking when he was ten months old o at ten months
    llegó a la mañana/noche ( RPl); he arrived in the morning/at night
    2 al + INF:
    se cayó al bajar del autobús she fell as she was getting off the bus
    al verlo me di cuenta de que ya no lo quería when I saw him o on seeing him, I realized that I no longer loved him
    al salir de la estación torcí a la izquierda I turned left out of the station
    3
    (indicando distancia en el tiempo): a escasos minutos de su llegada (después) just a few minutes after she arrived; (antes) just a few minutes before she arrived
    trabajan de lunes a viernes/de una a cinco they work (from) Monday to Friday/from one to five
    a los diez minutos del primer tiempo ten minutes into the first half o after ten minutes of the first half
    estaré en París de martes a jueves I'll be in Paris from Tuesday until Thursday, I'll be in Paris Tuesday through Thursday ( AmE)
    C
    (en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia): tres veces al día/a la semana three times a day/a week
    sale a 2.000 euros por cabeza it works out at 2,000 euros per person
    iban a 100 kilómetros por hora they were going (at) 100 kilometers per hour
    nos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us by five points to three, they beat us five three o ( AmE) five to three
    D
    (indicando modo, estilo): fuimos a pie/a caballo we walked/rode, we went on foot/on horseback
    pollo al horno/a la brasa roast/barbecued chicken
    un peinado a lo Rodolfo Valentino a Rudolph Valentino hairstyle
    a crédito on credit
    ilustraciones a todo color full-color illustrations
    una tela a rayas a piece of striped material
    1
    (introduciendo el complemento directo de persona): ¿viste a José? did you see José?
    la policía está buscando al asesino the police are looking for the murderer
    no he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freud
    busca una secretaria bilingüe he's looking for a bilingual secretary
    ]
    2
    (introduciendo el complemento indirecto): le escribió una carta a su padre he wrote a letter to his father, he wrote his father a letter
    dáselo/dáselos a ella give it/them to her
    les enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children English
    suave al tacto soft to the touch
    agradable al oído pleasing to the ear
    3
    (indicando procedencia): se lo compré a una gitana I bought it from o ( colloq) off a gipsy
    F
    enséñale a nadar teach him to swim
    fue a preguntar he went to ask
    a que + SUBJ:
    los instó a que participaran he urged them to take part
    voy a ir a que me hagan un chequeo I'm going to go and have a checkup
    2 ( fam)
    (para): ¿a qué tanta ceremonia? what's all the fuss for?
    ¿a qué le fuiste a decir eso? what did you go and tell him that for?
    3
    a por ( Esp fam): bajo a por pan I'm going down to get some bread o for some bread ( colloq)
    ¿quién va a ir a por los niños? who's going to fetch o get the children?
    ¡a por ello! go for it!
    los puntos a tratar en la reunión de mañana the points to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting
    es una idea a tener en cuenta it's an idea to bear in mind o that should be borne in mind
    total a pagar total payable
    horario a convenir hours to be arranged
    H
    1
    (en órdenes): ¡a la cama, niños! off to bed, children!
    ¡a callar! shut up! ( colloq)
    vamos ¡a trabajar! come on, let's get some work done!
    a decir verdad to tell you the truth
    a juzgar por lo que tú dices judging from what you say
    3 ( fam)
    (en cuanto a): a tozudo no hay quien le gane when it comes to being stubborn there's nobody like him
    4
    (indicando causa): a petición del interesado ( frml); at the request of the interested party
    al + INF:
    al no saber idiomas está en desventaja as he doesn't speak any languages he is at a disadvantage, he's at a disadvantage not speaking any languages
    5
    (expresando desafío): ¿a que no sabes qué nota me puso? you'll never guess what mark she gave me!
    tú no te atreverías — ¿a que sí? you wouldn't dare — do you want to o a bet? ( colloq)
    ¡a que no puedes! bet you can't! ( colloq)
    * * *

    Multiple Entries:
    A    
    a
    A,
    ◊ a sustantivo femenino (pl aes) (read as /a/) the letter A, a

    a preposición Nota:
    La preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan, como quien, alguien, algún etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, paseo a mi perro = I walk my dog.En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a.
    1

    ◊ voy a México/la tienda I'm going to Mexico/to the shop;

    voy a casa I'm going home;
    se cayó al río she fell into the river


    a orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebro;
    se sentó al sol he sat in the sun;
    se sentó a mi derecha he sat down on my right


    2
    a) (señalando hora, momento) at;


    a la hora de comer at lunch time;
    ¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?;
    a mediados de abril in mid-April;
    al día siguiente the next o following day

    ◊ hoy estamos a lunes/a 20 today is Monday/it's the 20th today

    c) al + inf:


    al enterarse de la noticia when he learnt o on learning the news



    ( antes) a few minutes before she arrived;

    3 (en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia):

    sale a 100 euros cada uno it works out at 100 euros each;
    a 100 kilómetros por hora (at) 100 kilometers per hour;
    nos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us five three o (AmE) five to three
    4 (indicando modo, medio, estilo):
    ◊ a pie/a caballo on foot/on horseback;

    a crédito on credit;
    funciona a pilas it runs on batteries;
    a mano by hand;
    a rayas striped;
    vestirse a lo punk to wear punk clothes
    5

    ◊ ¿viste a José? did you see José?;

    no he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freud


    dáselo a ella give it to her;
    les enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children English;
    le echó (la) llave a la puerta she locked the door

    ◊ se lo compré a una gitana I bought it from o (colloq) off a gipsy

    A, a f (letra) A
    'A' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    a. C.
    - a.m.
    - abajeña
    - abajeño
    - abanderada
    - abanderado
    - abandonar
    - abandonada
    - abandonado
    - abanico
    - abarquillada
    - abarquillado
    - abarrotada
    - abarrotado
    - abasto
    - abatida
    - abatido
    - abatirse
    - abdicar
    - aberración
    - abertura
    - abierta
    - abierto
    - abigarrada
    - abigarrado
    - abigarrar
    - ablandar
    - ablusada
    - ablusado
    - abnegada
    - abnegado
    - abobada
    - abobado
    - abocada
    - abocado
    - abogacía
    - abogada
    - abogado
    - abombada
    - abombado
    - abonar
    - abonada
    - abonado
    - abonarse
    - abono
    - abordar
    - abordaje
    - aborregar
    - abortar
    - abortiva
    English:
    A
    - A-level
    - a.m.
    - abandon
    - abandoned
    - abide by
    - ability
    - abject
    - abnormal
    - aboard
    - aborigine
    - abortion
    - abortive
    - about
    - above
    - above-board
    - above-mentioned
    - abrasive
    - abreast
    - abridged
    - abrupt
    - absent
    - absent-minded
    - absolute
    - absolutely
    - absorbed
    - abstemious
    - abstract
    - absurd
    - abundant
    - abuse
    - abusive
    - abysmal
    - academic
    - academy
    - accede
    - accent
    - acceptable
    - access
    - accident-prone
    - accidental
    - accidentally
    - acclimatized
    - accommodate
    - accommodation
    - accomplish
    - accomplished
    - account
    - account for
    - accountable
    * * *
    A
    1. (abrev de autopista) Br M, US freeway
    2. (abrev de alfil) [en notación de ajedrez] B
    A, a [a] nf
    [letra] A, a;
    si por a o por be… if for any reason…
    * * *
    a
    prp
    al este de to the east of;
    a casa home;
    ir a la cama/al cine go to bed/to the movies;
    ¡a trabajar! get to work!;
    vamos a Buenos Aires we’re going to Buenos Aires;
    voy a casa de Marta I’m going to Marta’s (house)
    a la mesa at the table;
    al lado de next to;
    a la derecha on the right;
    al sol in the sun;
    a treinta kilómetros de Cuzco thirty kilometers from Cuzco;
    está a cinco kilómetros it’s five kilometers away
    :
    ¿a qué hora llegas? what time do you arrive?;
    a las tres at three o’clock;
    de once a doce from eleven (o’clock) to twelve;
    estamos a quince de febrero it’s February fifteenth;
    a los treinta años at the age of thirty;
    a la llegada del tren when the train arrives
    :
    a la española the Spanish way;
    a mano by hand;
    a pie on foot;
    a 50 kilómetros por hora at fifty kilometers an hour
    :
    ¿a cómo o
    cuánto está? how much is it?;
    están a dos pesos el kilo they are two pesos a kilo
    :
    dáselo a tu hermano give it to your brother
    :
    vi a mi padre I saw my father
    :
    empezar a begin to;
    jugar a las cartas play cards;
    decidirse a hacer algo decide to do sth;
    voy a comprarlo I’m going to buy it;
    a decir verdad to tell the truth
    :
    ¿a que no lo sabes? I bet you don’t know;
    a ver OK, right;
    a ver lo que pasa ahora let’s see what happens now
    abr (= alias) aka (= also known as)
    * * *
    a nf
    : first letter of the Spanish alphabet
    a prep
    1) : to
    nos vamos a México: we're going to Mexico
    ¿llamaste a tu papá?: did you call your dad?
    como a usted le guste: as you wish
    3) : in the manner of
    papas a la francesa: french fries
    4) : on, by means of
    a pie: on foot
    5) : per, each
    tres pastillas al día: three pills per day
    enséñales a leer: teach them to read
    problemas a resolver: problems to be solved
    * * *
    a prep
    3. (distancia) away
    está a un kilómetro de aquí it's one kilometre from here / it's one kilometre away
    4. (tiempo) at
    5. (distribución, cantidad, medida, precio) a / at
    tocamos a 1.000 cada uno it works out at 1,000 each
    fui a pie I walked / I went on foot
    hecho a mano handmade / made by hand
    ¿has visto a Iván? have you seen Iván?
    9. (para) for
    10. (de) from

    Spanish-English dictionary > a

  • 5 método

    m.
    1 method, manner, mode, process.
    2 procedure, specific way of performing an action.
    * * *
    1 method
    2 (en pedagogía) course
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=procedimiento) method
    2) (=organización)
    3) (=manual) manual
    * * *
    masculino method
    * * *
    = approach [approaches, -pl.], avenue, design, mechanism, method, tack.
    Ex. During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.
    Ex. In the attempt to match the above criteria, there are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.
    Ex. Thus in index or catalogue or data base design the indexer must choose an appropriate blend of recall and precision for each individual application.
    Ex. This helps to illustrate the methods of analysis employed by the scheme and to introduce the mechanisms of its use.
    Ex. There is an alternative method for the design of subject retrieval devices, and that is to build languages or schemes which depend upon some theoretical views about the nature and structure of knowledge.
    Ex. The simplest tack would be to include the metadata in the notes field but sorting by metadata attributes is problematic and clunky.
    ----
    * aprender por el método de ensayo y error = learn by + trial and error.
    * basado en un método empírico = enquiry-based [inquiry-based, -USA].
    * basado en un método práctico = enquiry-based [inquiry-based, -USA].
    * como un método para = as a means of.
    * explorar métodos = explore + roads.
    * indizar según el método KWIC = KWIC-index.
    * método analítico = analytical method.
    * método anticonceptivo = contraceptive method.
    * método automatizado = computer-based method.
    * método basado en modelos = modelling approach [modeling approach, -USA].
    * método Cloze = Cloze method.
    * método cualitativo = qualitative method.
    * método de actuación = clinical practice.
    * método de aprendizaje = learning style, learning method.
    * método de búsqueda = search paradigm.
    * método de clustering aglutinador = agglomerative clustering method.
    * método de comunicación = communication pathway.
    * método deductivo = deductive method.
    * método de enseñanza = teaching method.
    * método de evaluación de un edificio en uso = post-occupancy evaluation method.
    * método de gestión = managerial style.
    * método de indización en cadena = chain procedure.
    * método de la coocurrencia de términos = co-word method, co-word method, co-word method.
    * método de la Inversión de la Frecuencia de los Documentos (IDF) = Inverse Document Frequency model (IDF).
    * método de la media ponderada = weighted means method.
    * método de la media sin ponderar = unweighted means method.
    * Método de la Secuencia Crítica = Critical Path Method (CPM).
    * método Delphi, el = Delphi method, the.
    * método del Valor de Discriminación (DV) = Discrimination Value model (DV).
    * método de ordenación letra a letra = letter by letter method, all-through method.
    * método de ordenación palabra por palabra = word by word method, nothing before something method.
    * método de pensamiento en voz alta = thinking aloud method.
    * método de puntuación = scoring technique.
    * método de trabajo = working method.
    * método de Two-Poisson (2P) = Two-Poisson model (2P).
    * método docente = teaching method.
    * método escalonado = stations approach.
    * método estadístico = statistical method.
    * método inductivo = inductive method.
    * método Maze = Maze method.
    * método por simulación = simulation method, simulation approach.
    * por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.
    * seguir un método = take + approach.
    * según un método prescrito = clerically.
    * * *
    masculino method
    * * *
    = approach [approaches, -pl.], avenue, design, mechanism, method, tack.

    Ex: During the last twenty years the variety of approaches to the organisation of knowledge has proliferated with the introduction of computer-based methods.

    Ex: In the attempt to match the above criteria, there are two fundamentally distinct avenues to the construction of the schedules of a classification scheme.
    Ex: Thus in index or catalogue or data base design the indexer must choose an appropriate blend of recall and precision for each individual application.
    Ex: This helps to illustrate the methods of analysis employed by the scheme and to introduce the mechanisms of its use.
    Ex: There is an alternative method for the design of subject retrieval devices, and that is to build languages or schemes which depend upon some theoretical views about the nature and structure of knowledge.
    Ex: The simplest tack would be to include the metadata in the notes field but sorting by metadata attributes is problematic and clunky.
    * aprender por el método de ensayo y error = learn by + trial and error.
    * basado en un método empírico = enquiry-based [inquiry-based, -USA].
    * basado en un método práctico = enquiry-based [inquiry-based, -USA].
    * como un método para = as a means of.
    * explorar métodos = explore + roads.
    * indizar según el método KWIC = KWIC-index.
    * método analítico = analytical method.
    * método anticonceptivo = contraceptive method.
    * método automatizado = computer-based method.
    * método basado en modelos = modelling approach [modeling approach, -USA].
    * método Cloze = Cloze method.
    * método cualitativo = qualitative method.
    * método de actuación = clinical practice.
    * método de aprendizaje = learning style, learning method.
    * método de búsqueda = search paradigm.
    * método de clustering aglutinador = agglomerative clustering method.
    * método de comunicación = communication pathway.
    * método deductivo = deductive method.
    * método de enseñanza = teaching method.
    * método de evaluación de un edificio en uso = post-occupancy evaluation method.
    * método de gestión = managerial style.
    * método de indización en cadena = chain procedure.
    * método de la coocurrencia de términos = co-word method, co-word method, co-word method.
    * método de la Inversión de la Frecuencia de los Documentos (IDF) = Inverse Document Frequency model (IDF).
    * método de la media ponderada = weighted means method.
    * método de la media sin ponderar = unweighted means method.
    * Método de la Secuencia Crítica = Critical Path Method (CPM).
    * método Delphi, el = Delphi method, the.
    * método del Valor de Discriminación (DV) = Discrimination Value model (DV).
    * método de ordenación letra a letra = letter by letter method, all-through method.
    * método de ordenación palabra por palabra = word by word method, nothing before something method.
    * método de pensamiento en voz alta = thinking aloud method.
    * método de puntuación = scoring technique.
    * método de trabajo = working method.
    * método de Two-Poisson (2P) = Two-Poisson model (2P).
    * método docente = teaching method.
    * método escalonado = stations approach.
    * método estadístico = statistical method.
    * método inductivo = inductive method.
    * método Maze = Maze method.
    * método por simulación = simulation method, simulation approach.
    * por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.
    * seguir un método = take + approach.
    * según un método prescrito = clerically.

    * * *
    métodos de tortura methods of torture
    todos aplicaron el mismo método everyone used o employed the same method
    el mejor método para aprobar es estudiar the best way to pass is to study
    no conozco ningún método para quitar esa mancha I don't know any way of getting that stain out
    Compuestos:
    analytic method
    contraceptive method, method of contraception
    synthetic method
    B (de aprendizaje, enseñanza) method
    Compuestos:
    audiovisual method
    direct method
    C (libro de texto) course book; (manual) handbook
    D (orden) method
    trabajar/proceder con método to work/proceed methodically
    * * *

     

    método sustantivo masculino
    method;

    método sustantivo masculino
    1 method: hay varios métodos para conseguir agua, there are different ways to obtain water
    2 Educ course: ¿qué métodos tienen para enseñar inglés?, what English courses do you sell?

    ' método' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    diafragma
    - ensayar
    - innovador
    - innovadora
    - litografía
    - procedimiento
    - superada
    - superado
    - técnica
    - usar
    - aplicación
    - aplicar
    - bueno
    - clásico
    - demostrar
    - garrote
    - imaginar
    - implantar
    - ineficacia
    - ineficaz
    - infalible
    - ingeniar
    - probar
    - recomendado
    - riguroso
    - seguir
    - seguro
    - sistema
    - sistemático
    - votación
    English:
    accepted
    - employ
    - method
    - process
    - rhythm method
    - system
    - underhand
    - wasteful
    - familiarity
    * * *
    1. [sistema] method;
    no estoy de acuerdo con sus métodos de hacer las cosas I don't agree with her way of doing things o her methods
    método anticonceptivo method of contraception;
    el método (de) Ogino the rhythm method
    2. [modo ordenado] method;
    proceder con método to proceed methodically
    3. [educativo] method;
    un método de mecanografía a method of teaching typing
    * * *
    m method
    * * *
    : method
    * * *
    método n method

    Spanish-English dictionary > método

  • 6 instrumento

    m.
    1 instrument (musical).
    instrumento de cuerda stringed instrument
    instrumento musical musical instrument
    instrumento de percusión percussion instrument
    instrumento de viento wind instrument
    2 tool, instrument (tool).
    3 means, tool (medio).
    un instrumento para estimular la demanda a means of stimulating demand
    4 apparatus.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: instrumentar.
    * * *
    1 instrument
    \
    instrumento de cuerda stringed instrument
    instrumento de percusión percussion instrument
    instrumento de viento wind instrument
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) tool, implement
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Mús) instrument

    instrumento musical, instrumento músico — musical instrument

    2) (Téc) (=aparato) instrument; (=herramienta) tool, implement

    instrumentos de mando — (Aer) controls

    3) (=medio) instrument, tool
    4) (Jur) deed, legal document
    5) *** (=pene) tool ***
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Mús) (musical) instrument

    instrumento de cuerda/de viento — string/wind instrument

    b) ( herramienta) instrument; (Med) instrument

    instrumentos de medición/de precisión — measuring/precision instruments

    2) ( medio) means
    * * *
    = instrument, mechanism, tool, vehicle.
    Ex. The Rowell observation scale for the measurement of reading attitude by teachers was included as a fourth instrument.
    Ex. This helps to illustrate the methods of analysis employed by the scheme and to introduce the mechanisms of its use.
    Ex. Prior to the 1970s UDC was frequently to be found in large card indexes in special libraries and sometimes to be encountered in abstracting and indexing tools.
    Ex. This journal serves as a vehicle for the continuing education of librarians, as a showcase for current practice and as a spotlight for significant activities.
    ----
    * cuadro de instrumentos = dashboard.
    * empujar ligeramente con el dedo o un instrumento = poke.
    * habitación para practicar con instrumentos musicales = room for music-making.
    * instrumento acompañante = accompanying executant.
    * instrumento bibliográfico = bibliographic aid, bibliographic tool.
    * instrumento de ayuda a la enseñanza = teaching aid.
    * instrumento de cuerda = stringed instrument (string instrument), string instrument [stringed instrument].
    * instrumento de evaluación = assessment tool, evaluation tool.
    * instrumento de medición = measuring instrument.
    * instrumento de percusión = percussion instrument.
    * instrumento de precisión = precision device.
    * instrumento de recogida de datos = data collection instrument.
    * instrumento de recuperación = recall device.
    * instrumento de referencia = reference tool.
    * instrumento de selección = selection aid.
    * instrumento de trabajo = tool.
    * instrumento de viento = wind instrument.
    * instrumento educativo = educational aid.
    * instrumento geográfico = geographical artifact.
    * instrumento musical = instrument, musical instrument.
    * instrumento musical con teclado = keyboard instrument.
    * instrumento o intérprete de la música = executant.
    * instrumento para la recuperación = access tool.
    * instrumento para mantener papeles cogidos = fastener.
    * instrumento para resaltar = spotlight.
    * instrumento para resumir e indizar = abstracting and indexing tool.
    * instrumentos de comunicación = communication media.
    * instrumento sicométrico = psychometric instrument.
    * panel de instrumentos = dashboard.
    * tablero de instrumentos = dashboard.
    * tocar un instrumento musical = play + instrument.
    * uso de instrumentos = instrumentation.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Mús) (musical) instrument

    instrumento de cuerda/de viento — string/wind instrument

    b) ( herramienta) instrument; (Med) instrument

    instrumentos de medición/de precisión — measuring/precision instruments

    2) ( medio) means
    * * *
    = instrument, mechanism, tool, vehicle.

    Ex: The Rowell observation scale for the measurement of reading attitude by teachers was included as a fourth instrument.

    Ex: This helps to illustrate the methods of analysis employed by the scheme and to introduce the mechanisms of its use.
    Ex: Prior to the 1970s UDC was frequently to be found in large card indexes in special libraries and sometimes to be encountered in abstracting and indexing tools.
    Ex: This journal serves as a vehicle for the continuing education of librarians, as a showcase for current practice and as a spotlight for significant activities.
    * cuadro de instrumentos = dashboard.
    * empujar ligeramente con el dedo o un instrumento = poke.
    * habitación para practicar con instrumentos musicales = room for music-making.
    * instrumento acompañante = accompanying executant.
    * instrumento bibliográfico = bibliographic aid, bibliographic tool.
    * instrumento de ayuda a la enseñanza = teaching aid.
    * instrumento de cuerda = stringed instrument (string instrument), string instrument [stringed instrument].
    * instrumento de evaluación = assessment tool, evaluation tool.
    * instrumento de medición = measuring instrument.
    * instrumento de percusión = percussion instrument.
    * instrumento de precisión = precision device.
    * instrumento de recogida de datos = data collection instrument.
    * instrumento de recuperación = recall device.
    * instrumento de referencia = reference tool.
    * instrumento de selección = selection aid.
    * instrumento de trabajo = tool.
    * instrumento de viento = wind instrument.
    * instrumento educativo = educational aid.
    * instrumento geográfico = geographical artifact.
    * instrumento musical = instrument, musical instrument.
    * instrumento musical con teclado = keyboard instrument.
    * instrumento o intérprete de la música = executant.
    * instrumento para la recuperación = access tool.
    * instrumento para mantener papeles cogidos = fastener.
    * instrumento para resaltar = spotlight.
    * instrumento para resumir e indizar = abstracting and indexing tool.
    * instrumentos de comunicación = communication media.
    * instrumento sicométrico = psychometric instrument.
    * panel de instrumentos = dashboard.
    * tablero de instrumentos = dashboard.
    * tocar un instrumento musical = play + instrument.
    * uso de instrumentos = instrumentation.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Mús) instrument, musical instrument
    instrumento de cuerda/de percusión/de viento string/percussion/wind instrument
    2 (herramienta) instrument; ( Med) instrument
    instrumentos de medición/de precisión measuring/precision instruments
    instrumentos quirúrgicos surgical instruments
    Compuesto:
    musical instrument
    B (medio) means
    emplea su encanto como instrumento para conseguir sus fines he uses his charm as a means o way of getting what he wants
    C ( Der) instrument
    * * *

    Del verbo instrumentar: ( conjugate instrumentar)

    instrumento es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    instrumentó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    instrumentar    
    instrumento
    instrumentar verbo transitivo ( conjugate instrumentar) (Mús) to orchestrate
    instrumento sustantivo masculino
    1 ( en general) instrument;

    instrumentos de precisión precision instruments
    2 ( medio) means
    instrumentar vtr Mús to score, instrument, orchestrate: el poema lo instrumentó el cantante, the singer orchestrated the poem
    instrumento sustantivo masculino instrument
    instrumento de cuerda/percusión/viento, stringed/percussion/wind instrument
    ' instrumento' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    A
    - afinar
    - aparato
    - baja
    - bajo
    - con
    - corneta
    - cuadrante
    - cuerda
    - cuerno
    - de
    - desafinar
    - desgastarse
    - escarpelo
    - fagot
    - gaita
    - herir
    - incisiva
    - incisivo
    - instrumentar
    - manipular
    - mástil
    - media
    - medio
    - metro
    - mira
    - oboe
    - pedal
    - pistón
    - salterio
    - saxo
    - sonar
    - taladro
    - tambor
    - tañido
    - templar
    - tocar
    - viola
    - violín
    - violón
    - violoncelo
    - violonchelo
    - aguja
    - alguno
    - arma
    - artefacto
    - bombo
    - boquilla
    - compás
    - contrabajo
    English:
    accurate
    - bass
    - blow
    - dial
    - gouge out
    - implement
    - instrument
    - on
    - play
    - record
    - setting
    - string
    - warp
    - whistle
    - tool
    - wind
    * * *
    1. [musical] instrument;
    instrumento musical o [m5] de música musical instrument
    Méx instrumento de aliento wind instrument;
    instrumento de cuerda stringed o string instrument;
    instrumento de percusión percussion instrument;
    instrumento de viento wind instrument
    2. [herramienta] tool, instrument
    instrumento de medida measuring instrument;
    instrumento óptico optical instrument;
    instrumento de precisión precision tool o instrument
    3. [medio] means, tool;
    un instrumento para estimular la demanda a means of stimulating demand;
    ella fue el instrumento del gobierno she was a tool of the government;
    el canal televisivo es un instrumento de propaganda de la oposición the television channel is a propaganda tool for the opposition
    4. Der instrument
    5. Fam [pene] tool
    * * *
    m instrument; ( herramienta) tool, instrument; fig
    tool
    * * *
    : instrument
    * * *
    instrumento n instrument

    Spanish-English dictionary > instrumento

  • 7 puerta

    f.
    1 door.
    de puerta en puerta from door to door
    puerta blindada reinforced door
    puerta corrediza sliding door
    puerta giratoria revolving door
    puerta principal front door; (en casa) main door o entrance (en hotel, museo, hospital)
    puerta trasera back door; (en casa) rear entrance (en hotel, museo, hospital)
    puerta vidriera glass door
    2 gateway, opening.
    3 goal, goalmouth (sport).
    4 gate.
    * * *
    1 door
    2 (verja) gate
    \
    a las puertas de on the threshold of, close to
    a puerta cerrada in private, behind closed doors
    dar a alguien con la puerta en las narices familiar to slam the door in somebody's face
    de puerta a puerta (from) door to door
    de puertas adentro in private
    en puertas very close
    entrar por la puerta grande to make a grand entrance
    salir por la puerta grande to make a grand exit
    puerta corredera sliding door
    puerta de la calle main door, front door
    puerta de servicio service entrance
    puerta giratoria revolving door
    tiro a puerta shot at goal
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) door
    2) gate
    * * *
    SF
    1) [para bloquear el paso] [de casa, vehículo, armario] door; [de jardín, ciudad] gate

    puerta principal — [de una casa] front door; [de edificio público] main entrance

    puerta ventana, puerta vidriera — French window

    2) (=abertura en la pared) doorway
    3) [locuciones]

    • puerta a puerta, servicio puerta a puerta — door-to-door service

    hacer el puerta a puerta — (Pol) to doorstep

    • de puertas abiertas, jornada de puertas abiertas — open day

    • a puerta cerrada — [gen] behind closed doors; (Jur) in camera

    • de puerta en puerta — from door to door

    a las puertas de —

    ahora, a las puertas de la vejez, lo comprendo — now that I am approaching old age, I understand

    en septiembre, ya a las puertas del otoño — in September, with autumn just around the corner

    un sirviente de puertas adentro — LAm a live-in servant

    de puertas afuera —

    lo que pasa de puertas afuera — (=fuera de casa) what happens outside of this home; (=en el extranjero) what happens abroad

    de puertas afuera se dice que... — publicly it is being said that...

    por la puerta chica —

    estar en puertas —

    equivocarse de puerta —

    por la puerta grande —

    salir por la puerta grande — [torero] to make a triumphant exit

    si me voy, lo haré por la puerta grande — if I leave, I'll leave with my head held high

    4) (Aer) gate
    5) (Dep) goal

    un disparo o remate a puerta — a shot at goal

    6) (Inform) port
    * * *
    1) (de casa, coche, horno) door; (en jardín, valla) gate

    llamar a la puerta — to ring the doorbell/knock on the door

    de puerta a puerta tardo media hora — it takes me half an hour, door to door

    coger la puerta (y largarse) — (Esp fam) to leave

    darle con la puerta en las narices a alguien — to slam the door in somebody's face

    de puertas (para) adentro — in private, behind closed doors

    de puertas para fuera or (AmL) puertas afuera — in public

    en puertas: la Navidad está en puertas Christmas is just around the corner; estar a las puertas de algo: el ejército estaba ya a las puertas de la ciudad the army was already at the gates of the city; estaba a las puertas de la muerte he was at death's door; se quedó a las puertas del triunfo she narrowly missed winning; por la puerta grande: el torero salió por la puerta grande the bullfighter made a triumphal exit; volvió a Hollywood por la puerta grande — she returned to Hollywood in triumph

    2) (Dep)

    un tiro or remate a puerta — a shot (at goal)

    b) ( en esquí) gate
    * * *
    = door, doorway, gate, backyard.
    Ex. If it were decided to introduce a cloakroom, it would be planned in the space presently used by either newspapers or the short-loan collection, by opening a door from the entrance lobby.
    Ex. Heads started appearing in the doorway, muttering, 'Oh! So this is the library'.
    Ex. The fifth kind of relationship is that in which an entity is defined by one of its attributes; for example, in Lewis Carroll's poem, 'I'll tell thee everything I can: I saw an aged, aged man, a-sitting on a gate'.
    Ex. The article 'Coming soon to your backyard' argues that Britain has the highest potential for wind power in Europe.
    ----
    * abrir la puerta a = throw + open the door to.
    * abrir la puerta empujándola = push + open + door.
    * abrir las puertas de = unlock.
    * abrir puertas = open + avenues, open + doors.
    * acompañar a la puerta = usher + Nombre + out.
    * a las puertas de = on the threshold of.
    * a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.
    * coche de cinco puertas = hatchback.
    * dejar la puerta abierta a = open + the door to.
    * dejar la puerta abierta de par en par = leave + the door wide open.
    * de puertas abiertas = open door.
    * de puertas adentro = back-office.
    * de puertas hacia dentro = backroom.
    * esterilla de la puerta = doormat.
    * hablando de Roma, por la puerta asoma = speak of the devil, talk of the devil.
    * imán para la puerta del frigorífico = refrigerator magnet.
    * imán para la puerta del frigorífico = fridge magnet.
    * jamba de la puerta = door jamb.
    * jornada de puertas abiertas = open day.
    * llamar a la puerta = knock on + door, rap at + door.
    * manilla de la puerta = door handle.
    * manivela de la puerta = door handle.
    * marco de la puerta = door frame.
    * pomo de la puerta = doorknob.
    * puerta automática = automatic door.
    * puerta batiente = swinging door, swing door.
    * puerta corredera = sliding door.
    * puerta corredera automática = automatic sliding door.
    * puerta corredera de cristal = sliding glass door.
    * puerta de acceso = gateway.
    * puerta de cristales = glazed door.
    * puerta de embarque = boarding gate.
    * puerta de entrada = entrance gate, entrance door.
    * puerta de la ciudad = city gate.
    * puerta del maletero = tailgate.
    * puerta de salida = exit door.
    * puerta en enlace = gateway.
    * puerta giratoria = revolving door.
    * puerta lateral = side door.
    * puerta oscilante = swinging door, swing door.
    * puerta principal = front door.
    * puertas abiertas = open house.
    * puerta trasera = back door.
    * recogida en su propia puerta = kerbside collection, curbside collection.
    * reunión a puertas abiertas = open meeting.
    * ser una puerta abierta a = be an open invitation to.
    * sesión de puertas abiertas = public hearing, open hearing.
    * timbre de la puerta = doorbell.
    * umbral de la puerta = doorstep.
    * * *
    1) (de casa, coche, horno) door; (en jardín, valla) gate

    llamar a la puerta — to ring the doorbell/knock on the door

    de puerta a puerta tardo media hora — it takes me half an hour, door to door

    coger la puerta (y largarse) — (Esp fam) to leave

    darle con la puerta en las narices a alguien — to slam the door in somebody's face

    de puertas (para) adentro — in private, behind closed doors

    de puertas para fuera or (AmL) puertas afuera — in public

    en puertas: la Navidad está en puertas Christmas is just around the corner; estar a las puertas de algo: el ejército estaba ya a las puertas de la ciudad the army was already at the gates of the city; estaba a las puertas de la muerte he was at death's door; se quedó a las puertas del triunfo she narrowly missed winning; por la puerta grande: el torero salió por la puerta grande the bullfighter made a triumphal exit; volvió a Hollywood por la puerta grande — she returned to Hollywood in triumph

    2) (Dep)

    un tiro or remate a puerta — a shot (at goal)

    b) ( en esquí) gate
    * * *
    = door, doorway, gate, backyard.

    Ex: If it were decided to introduce a cloakroom, it would be planned in the space presently used by either newspapers or the short-loan collection, by opening a door from the entrance lobby.

    Ex: Heads started appearing in the doorway, muttering, 'Oh! So this is the library'.
    Ex: The fifth kind of relationship is that in which an entity is defined by one of its attributes; for example, in Lewis Carroll's poem, 'I'll tell thee everything I can: I saw an aged, aged man, a-sitting on a gate'.
    Ex: The article 'Coming soon to your backyard' argues that Britain has the highest potential for wind power in Europe.
    * abrir la puerta a = throw + open the door to.
    * abrir la puerta empujándola = push + open + door.
    * abrir las puertas de = unlock.
    * abrir puertas = open + avenues, open + doors.
    * acompañar a la puerta = usher + Nombre + out.
    * a las puertas de = on the threshold of.
    * a puerta cerrada = behind closed doors.
    * coche de cinco puertas = hatchback.
    * dejar la puerta abierta a = open + the door to.
    * dejar la puerta abierta de par en par = leave + the door wide open.
    * de puertas abiertas = open door.
    * de puertas adentro = back-office.
    * de puertas hacia dentro = backroom.
    * esterilla de la puerta = doormat.
    * hablando de Roma, por la puerta asoma = speak of the devil, talk of the devil.
    * imán para la puerta del frigorífico = refrigerator magnet.
    * imán para la puerta del frigorífico = fridge magnet.
    * jamba de la puerta = door jamb.
    * jornada de puertas abiertas = open day.
    * llamar a la puerta = knock on + door, rap at + door.
    * manilla de la puerta = door handle.
    * manivela de la puerta = door handle.
    * marco de la puerta = door frame.
    * pomo de la puerta = doorknob.
    * puerta automática = automatic door.
    * puerta batiente = swinging door, swing door.
    * puerta corredera = sliding door.
    * puerta corredera automática = automatic sliding door.
    * puerta corredera de cristal = sliding glass door.
    * puerta de acceso = gateway.
    * puerta de cristales = glazed door.
    * puerta de embarque = boarding gate.
    * puerta de entrada = entrance gate, entrance door.
    * puerta de la ciudad = city gate.
    * puerta del maletero = tailgate.
    * puerta de salida = exit door.
    * puerta en enlace = gateway.
    * puerta giratoria = revolving door.
    * puerta lateral = side door.
    * puerta oscilante = swinging door, swing door.
    * puerta principal = front door.
    * puertas abiertas = open house.
    * puerta trasera = back door.
    * recogida en su propia puerta = kerbside collection, curbside collection.
    * reunión a puertas abiertas = open meeting.
    * ser una puerta abierta a = be an open invitation to.
    * sesión de puertas abiertas = public hearing, open hearing.
    * timbre de la puerta = doorbell.
    * umbral de la puerta = doorstep.

    * * *
    A (de una casa, un coche) door; (de un horno, lavaplatos) door; (en un jardín, una valla) gate
    te espero en la puerta del teatro I'll meet you at the entrance of the theater
    tropezamos en la puerta we collided in the doorway
    te acompaño a la puerta I'll see o show you out
    no la dejan ni salir a la puerta they won't even let her set foot outside the door
    si no estás conforme, ya sabes donde está la puerta or ahí tienes la puerta if you don't agree, you know where the door is
    servicio puerta a puerta door-to-door service
    de puerta a puerta tardo media hora it takes me half an hour, door to door
    alguien llamó a la puerta somebody rang the doorbell/knocked on the door
    abre/cierra la puerta open/close the door
    no están dispuestos a abrir las puertas a la democracia they are not prepared to open their doors to democracy
    su intransigencia cerró las puertas a un acuerdo her intransigence put an end to o put paid to any hope of an agreement
    cuando cambió de idea, encontró la puerta cerrada when he changed his mind he found that he had missed his chance
    un coche de dos puertas a two-door car
    [ S ] necesito empleada puertas adentro ( Chi); live-in maid required
    [ S ] se necesita empleada puertas afuera ( Chi); daily help needed
    trabajo puertas afuera ( Chi); I don't live in
    a puerta(s) cerrada(s) behind closed doors
    la reunión se celebró a puerta(s) cerrada(s) the meeting was held in private o in camera o behind closed doors
    la causa se vio a puerta cerrada the case was heard in camera
    darle con la puerta en las narices a algn to slam the door in sb's face
    le pedí ayuda y me dio con la puerta en las narices I asked him for help and he refused point blank
    de puertas (para) adentro in private, behind closed doors
    de puertas para fuera or ( AmL) puertas afuera in public
    en puerta ( RPl); on the way
    me parece que hay casamiento en puerta I think there's a wedding on the way o I think I hear the sound of wedding bells
    en puertas: la Navidad está en puertas Christmas is just around the corner o is very close now o is almost upon us
    estar a las puertas de algo: el ejército estaba ya a las puertas de la ciudad the army was already at the gates of the city
    estaba a las puertas de la muerte he was at death's door
    se quedó a las puertas del triunfo she narrowly missed winning
    ir de puerta en puerta (literal) to go from door to door
    tuve que ir de puerta en puerta por todas las editoriales I had to do the rounds of all the publishers, I had to go from one publisher to another
    fui de puerta en puerta pidiendo ayuda I went around (to) everybody asking for help
    llamar a todas las puertas to go anywhere/ask anyone for help
    cuando una puerta se cierra otra se abre as one door closes so another one opens
    por la puerta grande: el torero salió por la puerta grande the bullfighter made a triumphal exit
    hizo su debut en el teatro por la puerta grande he made a grand entrance to the theatrical world
    Compuestos:
    inside door
    ● puerta corredera or corrediza
    sliding door
    sliding door
    gate
    (de una casa) front door; (de un edificio) main door o entrance
    service entrance, tradesman's entrance ( BrE)
    swing door
    revolving door
    back door
    French door(s) ( AmE), French window(s) ( BrE)
    B ( Dep)
    1
    (en fútbol): un tiro or remate a puerta a shot (at goal)
    saca de puerta Esnaola Esnaola takes the goal kick
    marcó a puerta vacía he put the ball into the empty net
    C ( Inf) gate
    * * *

     

    puerta sustantivo femenino (de casa, coche, horno) door;
    (en jardín, valla) gate;
    ◊ llamar a la puerta to ring the doorbell/knock on the door;

    te espero en la puerta del teatro I'll meet you at the entrance of the theater;
    te acompaño a la puerta I'll see o show you out;
    servicio puerta a puerta door-to-door service;
    un coche de dos puertas a two-door car;
    puerta de embarque gate;
    puerta principal or de la calle ( de casa) front door;

    ( de edificio público) main door or entrance;

    puerta sustantivo femenino
    1 door
    (en una valla, de una ciudad) gate
    puerta corredera, sliding door
    puerta de embarque, (boarding) gate
    puerta principal (de edificio), main entrance
    2 Dep goal
    ♦ Locuciones: familiar cogió la puerta, off he went
    dar con la puerta en las narices a alguien, to slam the door in sb's face
    a puerta cerrada, behind closed doors
    a las puertas, near: está a las puertas de la muerte, he's at death's door
    se quedaron a las puertas de la victoria, they narrowly failed to achieve their victory
    de puertas adentro, in private
    de puertas afuera, in public
    por la puerta grande, in triumph
    en puertas, just around the corner: el otoño está en puertas, autumn is almost here

    ' puerta' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abalanzarse
    - acompañar
    - aglomerarse
    - al
    - antepenúltima
    - antepenúltimo
    - aporrear
    - batirse
    - blindada
    - blindado
    - calambre
    - cancelar
    - carril
    - cegar
    - cerrada
    - cerrado
    - cerrarse
    - cierre
    - comunicar
    - corredera
    - corredero
    - crujido
    - dar
    - de
    - debajo
    - delante
    - desatrancar
    - desencajada
    - desencajado
    - desquiciar
    - disparar
    - embarque
    - enfrente
    - entornar
    - entornada
    - entornado
    - entreabierta
    - entreabierto
    - falsa
    - falso
    - golpe
    - golpear
    - hoja
    - larguero
    - legión
    - madera
    - marco
    - montante
    - oxidada
    - oxidado
    English:
    ajar
    - answer
    - at
    - back
    - bang
    - bar
    - behind
    - blast
    - block up
    - bolt
    - break down
    - busy
    - by
    - catch
    - chink
    - close
    - courteous
    - dash
    - departure gate
    - disturbing
    - door
    - door stop
    - door stopper
    - door-to-door
    - doorbell
    - elaborate
    - exit
    - fix
    - force
    - fourth
    - frame
    - French door
    - French window
    - frisk
    - front door
    - gape
    - gate
    - gateway
    - get
    - goal
    - grab
    - handle
    - hurtle
    - instruct
    - itself
    - jam
    - jump leads
    - key
    - knob
    - knock
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [de casa, habitación, vehículo, armario] door;
    [de jardín, ciudad, aeropuerto] gate;
    te acompaño hasta la puerta I'll see you out;
    cerrar la puerta a alguien to close the door on sb;
    echar la puerta abajo to knock the door down;
    te espero en la o [m5] a la puerta del cine I'll wait for you outside the entrance to the cinema;
    llaman a la puerta there's somebody at the door;
    viven en la puerta de al lado they live next door;
    no obstruyan las puertas [en letrero] keep the doors clear;
    un turismo de cuatro puertas a four-door saloon;
    servicio (de) puerta a puerta door-to-door service;
    de puerta en puerta from door to door;
    se gana la vida vendiendo de puerta en puerta he's a door-to-door salesman;
    su despacho y el mío están puerta con puerta his office is right next to mine;
    a las puertas de [muy cerca de] on the verge of;
    se quedó a las puertas de batir el récord she came within an inch of beating the record;
    a las puertas de la muerte at death's door;
    a puerta cerrada [reunión] behind closed doors;
    [juicio] in camera; [partido] behind closed gates, in an empty stadium;
    de puertas adentro: no me importa lo que hagas de puertas adentro I don't care what you do in the privacy of your own home;
    de puertas afuera: de puertas afuera parecía una persona muy amable he seemed like a nice person to the outside world;
    Esp Fam
    dar puerta a alguien to give sb the boot, to send sb packing;
    dar a alguien con la puerta en las narices to slam the door in sb's face;
    RP Fam
    en puerta: parece que hay casorio en puerta I think I can hear wedding bells (ringing);
    estar en puertas [acercarse] to be knocking on the door, to be imminent;
    estar en puertas de hacer algo [a punto de] to be about to do sth, to be on the verge of doing sth;
    Méx Fam
    no hallar la puerta: ya no hallo la puerta [no aguanto más] I can't take any more;
    Alma no halla la puerta con las exigencias de su jefa [no tiene tregua] Alma doesn't get a moment's peace with her boss's constant demands;
    salir por la puerta grande to make a triumphant exit
    puerta blindada reinforced door;
    puerta corredera sliding door;
    puerta corrediza sliding door;
    puerta de embarque [en aeropuerto] departure gate;
    puerta falsa secret door;
    puerta giratoria revolving door;
    puerta principal [en casa] front door;
    [en hotel, museo, hospital] main door o entrance;
    puerta de servicio service entrance;
    puerta trasera [en casa] back door;
    [en hotel, museo, hospital] rear entrance;
    puerta vidriera glass door
    2. [posibilidad] gateway, opening;
    dejó una puerta abierta a otras sugerencias she left the door open to other suggestions;
    cerró la puerta a cualquier negociación he closed the door on o put an end to any prospect of negotiation;
    se le cerraban todas las puertas he found all avenues blocked
    3. Dep [portería] goal, goalmouth;
    hubo varios tiros o [m5] remates a puerta there were several shots on goal;
    marcar a puerta vacía to put the ball into an empty net;
    fallar un gol a puerta vacía to miss an open goal;
    va a sacar de puerta el guardameta the goalkeeper is going to take the goal kick
    4. Dep [en esquí, piragüismo] gate
    5. Informát gate
    ♦ interj
    Esp Fam [¡largo!] the door's over there!, get out!
    * * *
    f
    1 en pared door; en valla gate;
    a puerta cerrada JUR in camera;
    por la puerta grande fig in triumph;
    en puertas be very near;
    abrir la(s) puerta(s) a algo fig open one’s doors to sth;
    dar puerta a alguien fam show s.o. the door;
    dar a alguien con la puerta en las narices tb fig slam the door in s.o.’s face;
    de puertas (para) adentro in private, behind closed doors;
    2 DEP goal;
    disparos a puerta shots on goal
    * * *
    puerta nf
    1) : door, entrance, gate
    2)
    a puerta cerrada : behind closed doors
    * * *
    1. (en general) door
    2. (de un jardín, ciudad) gate
    3. (portería) goal

    Spanish-English dictionary > puerta

  • 8 medio3

    3 = instrumentality, means, vehicle.
    Ex. But there are signs of a change as new and powerful instrumentalities come into use.
    Ex. The easiest means of illustrating some of the foregoing points is to introduce in outline some special classification schemes.
    Ex. This journal serves as a vehicle for the continuing education of librarians, as a showcase for current practice and as a spotlight for significant activities.
    ----
    * alfabetización en los medios de comunicación = media literacy.
    * anuncios en los medios de comunicación = media releases.
    * aprendizaje a través de medios electrónicos = online learning.
    * aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).
    * bibliotecario de medios audiovisuales = library media specialist.
    * bien dotado de medios = well-resourced.
    * bien equipado de medios = well-resourced.
    * búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.
    * búsqueda por medio de órdenes = command search.
    * codificación por medio de códigos de barras = barcoding [bar-coding].
    * codificar por medio de códigos de barras = barcode [bar-code].
    * conducir por medio de tubos = duct.
    * confundir los medios con el fin = confuse + the means with the ends.
    * con medios insuficientes = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con medios muy escasos = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con medios muy exiguos = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con todos los medios a + Posesivo + alcance = with all the means at + Posesivo + disposal.
    * desplazamiento por medio del ordenador = computer commuting.
    * documentalista de los medios de comunicación = news librarian.
    * dotar de medios = resource.
    * el fin justifica los medios = the end justifies the means.
    * empresa de medios de comunicación = media company.
    * enseñanza a través de medios electrónicos = online education.
    * enseñanza por medio del ordenador (CBI) = computer-based instruction (CBI).
    * entrevista en los medios de comunicación = media interview.
    * equipar de medios = resource.
    * exceso de medios = overkill.
    * expansión de una búsqueda por medio del tesauro = thesaurus expansion.
    * industria de los medios de comunicación de masas = mass communications industry.
    * interfaz por medio de gráficos = graphics interfacing.
    * máquina de registro de préstamos por medio de la fotografía = photocharger, photocharging machine.
    * medio de ahorro = economy measure.
    * medio de almacenamiento = storage medium.
    * medio de almacenamiento físico = physical storage media.
    * medio de comunicación = medium [media, -pl.].
    * medio de interpretación = medium of performance.
    * medio de transmisión = conduit.
    * medio físico = physical medium.
    * medios = ways and means.
    * medios de almacenamiento digital = digital media.
    * medios de almacenamiento óptico = optical storage media.
    * medios de comunicación = news media.
    * medios de comunicación de masas = mass media, mass communications media, communications media, communications media.
    * medios de comunicación social = mass media.
    * medios de microalmacenamiento de la información = microstorage media.
    * medios de producción = means of production.
    * medios digitalizados de almacenamiento de información = digitised media.
    * medios económicos = economic resources.
    * medios, los = wherewithal, the, means, the.
    * medios oficiales = official channels.
    * medios técnicos = IT capabilities.
    * medios visuales = visual media.
    * mostrar por medio de cambio de intensidad en el brillo = flash up.
    * multimedia = multimedia [multi-media].
    * mundo de los medios de comunicación, el = mediascape, the.
    * por medio = out of.
    * por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of.
    * por medio de isótopos = isotopically.
    * por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.
    * por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.
    * por todos los medios = by all means.
    * proporcionar los medios para = provide + the material for.
    * ser un medio para llegar a un fin = be the means to an end.
    * streaming media = streaming media.
    * técnica de recuperación por medio de la lógica difusa = fuzzy IR technique.
    * terapia por medio de aromas = aroma therapy.
    * tratar por todos los medios de = take + (great) pains to.
    * tratar por todos los medios de + Verbo = be at pains to + Infinitivo.
    * un medio para alcanzar un fin = a means to an end.
    * un medio para conseguir un fin = a means to an end.
    * un medio para llegar a fin = a means to an end.
    * utilizar al máximo por medio del ordenador = explode.

    Spanish-English dictionary > medio3

  • 9 that

    1. ðæt plural - those; adjective
    (used to indicate a person, thing etc spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: Don't take this book - take that one; At that time, I was living in Italy; When are you going to return those books?) ese, esa, esos, esas; aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas

    2. pronoun
    (used to indicate a thing etc, or (in plural or with the verb be) person or people, spoken of before, not close to the speaker, already known to the speaker and listener etc: What is that you've got in your hand?; Who is that?; That is the Prime Minister; Those present at the concert included the composer and his wife.) ese, esa, esos, esas; aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas

    3. ðət, ðæt relative pronoun
    (used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned in a preceding clause in order to distinguish it from others: Where is the parcel that arrived this morning?; Who is the man (that) you were talking to?)

    4. ðət, ðæt conjunction
    1) ((often omitted) used to report what has been said etc or to introduce other clauses giving facts, reasons, results etc: I know (that) you didn't do it; I was surprised (that) he had gone.) que
    2) (used to introduce expressions of sorrow, wishes etc: That I should be accused of murder!; Oh, that I were with her now!) y pensar que; ojalá

    5.
    adverb
    (so; to such an extent: I didn't realize she was that ill.) tan
    - that's that
    that1 adj ese / aquel
    who lives in that house? ¿quién vive en esa casa?
    did you bring that book? ¿has traído aquel libro?
    what are those boys doing? ¿qué están haciendo aquellos chicos?
    that2 adv tan
    that3 conj que
    that4 pron
    1. ése / aquél
    2. eso
    tr[ðæt ʊnstressed ðət]
    1 ese, esa (remote) aquel, aquella
    ■ how much is that dress? ¿cuánto vale ese vestido?
    ■ what was that noise? ¿qué ha sido ese ruido?
    ■ have you got that record I lent you? ¿tienes aquel disco que te dejé?
    1 ése nombre masculino, ésa (remote) aquél nombre masculino, aquélla
    ■ who's that? ¿quién es ése/ésa?
    ■ this is mine, that is yours éste es mío, aquél es tuyo
    2 (indefinite) eso; (remote) aquello
    ■ what's that? ¿qué es eso?
    ■ where did you get that? ¿dónde has comprado eso?
    4 (with preposition) que, el/la que, el/la cual
    1 que
    2 ¡ojalá!
    1 familiar tan, tanto,-a, tantos,-as
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    and all that y todo eso
    like that así, de aquella manera
    that is to say es decir
    that's it (that's all) eso es todo 2 (that's right) eso es 3 (that's enough) se acabó
    that's life así es la vida
    that's more like it ¡ahora!, ¡así me gusta!
    that's right así es
    that's that ya está, se acabó
    who's that? (on 'phone) ¿quién es?, ¿quién eres?
    that ['ðæt] adv, (in negative constructions) : tan
    it's not that expensive: no es tan caro
    not that much: no tanto
    that adj, pl those : ese, esa, aquel, aquella
    do you see those children?: ¿ves a aquellos niños?
    that conj & pron
    : que
    he said that he was afraid: dijo que tenía miedo
    the book that he wrote: el libro que escribió
    that pron, pl those ['ðo:z]
    1) : ése, ésa, eso
    that's my father: ése es mi padre
    those are the ones he likes: ésos son los que le gustan
    what's that?: ¿qué es eso?
    2) (referring to more distant objects or time) : aquél, aquélla, aquello
    those are maples and these are elms: aquéllos son arces y éstos son olmos
    that came to an end: aquello se acabó
    adj.
    • esa adj.
    • ese adj.
    adj.dem.
    • aquel adj.dem.
    adv.
    • como adv.
    • tan adv.
    conj.
    • ese conj.
    • para que conj.
    • que conj.
    pron.
    • aquello pron.
    • aquél pron.
    • el cual pron.
    • ese pron.
    • eso pron.
    • que pron.
    • quien pron.
    • tanto pron.
    pron.dem.neut.
    • aquello pron.dem.neut.

    I ðæt
    1) (pl those) ( demonstrative) ése, ésa; (neuter) eso

    those — ésos, ésas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquél, aquélla; (neuter) aquello

    those — aquéllos, aquéllas [According to the Real Academia Española the accent can be omitted when there is no ambiguity]

    what's that? — ¿qué es eso?

    who's that over there? — quién es ése/ésa?

    those are $20 and those over there $21.50 — ésos cuestan 20 dólares y aquéllos de allá 21,50

    who's that, please? — ( on telephone) ¿con quién hablo, por favor?

    that's impossible/wonderful! — es imposible/maravilloso!

    is that so? — no me digas!, ¿ah, sí?

    don't talk like that! — no hables así!, no digas eso!

    eat it up now, that's a good girl! — vamos, cómetelo todo así me gusta!

    come on, it's not as bad as all that — vamos, que no es para tanto

    at that — ( moreover) además; ( thereupon)

    at that they all burst out laughing — al oír (or ver etc) eso, todos se echaron a reír

    he has enormous power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that — tiene mucho poder y muchas riquezas, pero aún así es infeliz

    that is: we're all going, all the adults, that is vamos todos, es decir, todos los adultos; you're welcome to come along, that is, if you'd like to encantados de que vengas, siempre que quieras venir, claro; that's it!: that's it for today eso es todo por hoy; is that it? - no, there's another bag to come ¿ya está? - no, todavía falta otra bolsa; now lift your left arm: that's it! ahora levanta el brazo izquierdo eso es! or ahí está!; that's it: I've had enough! se acabó! ya no aguanto más!; that's that: you're not going and that's that! — no vas y no hay más que hablar or y se acabó

    3) ðət, strong form ðæt ( relative) que

    it wasn't Helen (that) you saw — no fue a Helen a quien viste, no fue a Helen que viste (AmL)


    II ðæt
    adjective (pl those) ese, esa

    those — esos, esas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquel, aquella

    those — aquellos, aquellas

    do you know that boy/girl? — ¿conoces a ese chico/esa chica?

    I prefer that one — prefiero ése/ésa


    III ðət, strong form ðæt

    she said (that)... — dijo que...

    it's not that I mind what he does but... — no es que me importe lo que hace, pero...

    they died that others might live — (liter) murieron para que otros pudieran vivir


    IV ðæt
    adverb tan

    ten thirty? that late already? — ¿las diez y media? ¿ya es tan tarde?

    I'm not that interested, really — la verdad es que no me interesa tanto

    (strong form) [ðæt] (weak form) [ˌdǝt] (pl those) Those is treated as a separate entry.
    1. DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVE
    1) [+ objects/people]
    You can generally use ese etc when pointing to something near the person you are speaking to. Use aquel etc for something which is distant from both of you: (nearer) ese m, esa f ; (more remote) aquel m, aquella f

    that car is much better value than that sports model at the end — ese coche está mejor de precio que aquel modelo deportivo que hay al final

    that wretched dog! — ¡ese maldito perro!

    what about that cheque? — ¿y el cheque ese?

    • I only met her that once — la vi solamente aquella vez

    • that one — ese(-a), ése(-a); (more remote) aquel(la), aquél(la)

    In the past the standard spelling for [ese/esa] and [aquel/aquella] used as pronouns (as when they are used to translate [that one]) was with an accent ([ése/ésa] and [aquél/aquélla]). Nowadays the [Real Academia Española] advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives [este/esta] and [aquel/aquella].
    2) [+ event, year, month]

    Aquel is used to refer to a time in the distant past. Use if you mention a concrete date, month, year {etc">ese:

    do you remember that holiday we had in Holland? — ¿te acuerdas de aquellas vacaciones que pasamos en Holanda?

    1992? I can't remember where we holidayed that year — ¿1992? no recuerdo dónde pasamos las vacaciones ese año

    May? we can't come that month because we'll be moving house — ¿en mayo? no podemos venir ese mes porque nos estaremos mudando de casa

    2.
    DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
    The pronoun that ( one) is translated by ese and aquel (masc), esa and aquella (fem) and eso and aquello (neuter). You can generally use ese etc when pointing to something near the person you are speaking to. Use aquel etc for something which is distant from both of you. Note that in the past the standard spelling for the masculine and feminine pronouns was with an accent (ése/ésa and aquél/aquélla). Nowadays the Real Academia Española advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives ese/esa and aquel/aquella. Neuter pronouns never carry an accent. (nearer) ese m, esa f, ése m, ésa f, eso (neuter) ; (more remote) aquel(la) m / f, aquél(la) m / f, aquello (neuter)

    who's that? — ¿quién es ese?

    what is that? — ¿qué es eso?, ¿eso qué es?

    is that you, Paul? — ¿eres tú, Paul?

    £5? it must have cost more than that — ¿5 libras? debe haber costado más (que eso)

    that's true — eso es verdad, es cierto (esp LAm)

    that's odd! — ¡qué raro!, ¡qué cosa más rara!

    1988? that was the year you graduated, wasn't it? — ¿1988? ese fue el año en que acabaste la carrera, ¿no es así?

    "will he come?" - "that he will!" — † -¿vendrá? -¡ya lo creo!

    • after that — después de eso

    • bees and wasps and all that — abejas, avispas y cosas así

    is that all? — ¿eso es todo?, ¿nada más?

    • and it was broken at that — y además estaba roto

    • what do you mean by that? — ¿qué quieres decir con eso?

    • if it comes to that — en tal caso, si llegamos a eso

    • it will cost 20 dollars, if that — costará 20 dólares, si es que llega

    • that is — (=ie) es decir...

    • that's it, we've finished — ya está, hemos terminado

    that's it! she can find her own gardener! — ¡se acabó! ¡que se busque un jardinero por su cuenta!

    • that of — el/la de

    • that is to say — es decir...

    • why worry about that which may never happen? — frm ¿por qué preocuparse por aquello que or por lo que puede que nunca vaya a pasar?

    • with that — con eso

    3. RELATIVE PRONOUN
    Unlike that, the Spanish relative cannot be omitted.
    1) que

    fool that I am! — ¡tonto que soy!

    If the that clause ends in a preposition, you can either translate that as que (usually preceded by the definite article) or as article + cual/cuales. Use the second option particularly in formal language or after long prepositions or prepositional phrases:

    the box that I put it in — la caja donde lo puse, la caja en la que or en la cual lo puse

    4. ADVERB
    1) (=so) tan

    it's about that big — (with gesture) es más o menos así de grande

    • cheer up! it isn't that bad — ¡ánimo! ¡no es para tanto!

    • that many frogs — tantas ranas

    • that much money — tanto dinero

    2) * (=so very) tan

    it was that cold! — ¡hacía tanto frío!

    5. CONJUNCTION
    Unlike that, que cannot be omitted.
    1) after verb que

    he said that... — dijo que...

    Translate as de que in phrases like the idea/belief/hope that:

    • any hope that they might have survived was fading — toda esperanza de que hubiesen sobrevivido se estaba desvaneciendo

    • the idea that we can profit from their labour — la idea de que podemos aprovecharnos de su trabajo

    •..., not that I want to, of course —..., no es que yo quiera, por supuesto

    • oh that we could! — ¡ojalá pudiéramos!, ¡ojalá!

    If the that clause is the subject of another verb it is usual to translate that as el que rather than que especially if it starts the sentence:

    that he did not know surprised me — (el) que no lo supiera me extrañó, me extrañó (el) que no lo supiera

    In these cases the verb which follows will be in the subjunctive:

    that he should behave like this is incredible — (el) que se comporte así es increíble, es increíble que se comporte así

    would
    4) (=in order that) para que + subjun
    5)

    • in that — en el sentido de que

    * * *

    I [ðæt]
    1) (pl those) ( demonstrative) ése, ésa; (neuter) eso

    those — ésos, ésas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquél, aquélla; (neuter) aquello

    those — aquéllos, aquéllas [According to the Real Academia Española the accent can be omitted when there is no ambiguity]

    what's that? — ¿qué es eso?

    who's that over there? — quién es ése/ésa?

    those are $20 and those over there $21.50 — ésos cuestan 20 dólares y aquéllos de allá 21,50

    who's that, please? — ( on telephone) ¿con quién hablo, por favor?

    that's impossible/wonderful! — es imposible/maravilloso!

    is that so? — no me digas!, ¿ah, sí?

    don't talk like that! — no hables así!, no digas eso!

    eat it up now, that's a good girl! — vamos, cómetelo todo así me gusta!

    come on, it's not as bad as all that — vamos, que no es para tanto

    at that — ( moreover) además; ( thereupon)

    at that they all burst out laughing — al oír (or ver etc) eso, todos se echaron a reír

    he has enormous power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that — tiene mucho poder y muchas riquezas, pero aún así es infeliz

    that is: we're all going, all the adults, that is vamos todos, es decir, todos los adultos; you're welcome to come along, that is, if you'd like to encantados de que vengas, siempre que quieras venir, claro; that's it!: that's it for today eso es todo por hoy; is that it? - no, there's another bag to come ¿ya está? - no, todavía falta otra bolsa; now lift your left arm: that's it! ahora levanta el brazo izquierdo eso es! or ahí está!; that's it: I've had enough! se acabó! ya no aguanto más!; that's that: you're not going and that's that! — no vas y no hay más que hablar or y se acabó

    3) [ðət], strong form [ðæt] ( relative) que

    it wasn't Helen (that) you saw — no fue a Helen a quien viste, no fue a Helen que viste (AmL)


    II [ðæt]
    adjective (pl those) ese, esa

    those — esos, esas; (to refer to something more distant, to the remote past) aquel, aquella

    those — aquellos, aquellas

    do you know that boy/girl? — ¿conoces a ese chico/esa chica?

    I prefer that one — prefiero ése/ésa


    III [ðət], strong form [ðæt]

    she said (that)... — dijo que...

    it's not that I mind what he does but... — no es que me importe lo que hace, pero...

    they died that others might live — (liter) murieron para que otros pudieran vivir


    IV [ðæt]
    adverb tan

    ten thirty? that late already? — ¿las diez y media? ¿ya es tan tarde?

    I'm not that interested, really — la verdad es que no me interesa tanto

    English-spanish dictionary > that

  • 10 decidir

    v.
    1 to decide, to choose.
    el juez decidirá si es inocente o no the judge will decide o determine whether or not he is innocent
    decidir hacer algo to decide to do something
    ¿a qué restaurante vamos? — tú decides which restaurant shall we go to? — you decide
    decidir entre dos cosas to choose between two things
    Ella decidió la forma de proceder She decided the way to proceed.
    Ella decide y no escucha She makes a decision and doesn't listen.
    2 to decide.
    el voto de la clase media decidió la elección the middle-class vote decided o swung the election
    3 to decide to, to resolve to.
    Ella decidió hacer una balsa She decided to make a raft.
    4 to determine, to ascertain, to pinpoint.
    * * *
    1 (gen) to decide; (asunto) to settle
    2 (convencer) to persuade, convince
    3 (resolver) to resolve, decide
    1 to decide, choose
    1 to make up one's mind
    \
    decidirse por to decide on
    * * *
    verb
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=tomar una decisión) to decide

    ¿habéis decidido lo que vais a hacer? — have you decided what you are going to do?

    después de pensarlo mucho he decidido que sí — after giving it a lot of thought, I've decided to go ahead

    • decidir hacer algo — to decide to do sth

    2) (=determinar) [+ futuro, resultado] to decide; [+ asunto, disputa] to settle, resolve
    3) (=convencer)

    ¿qué fue lo que al final te decidió? — what finally made up your mind?, what finally decided you?, what finally made you decide?

    2.

    tuvo que decidir entre varias opciones — she had to choose o decide from a number of options

    • decidir sobre algo — to decide on sth, make a decision on sth

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( tomar una determinación) to decide

    decidir + inf — to decide to + inf

    b) < persona> to make... decide
    2) < asunto> to settle; < resultado> to decide
    2.
    decidir vi to decide

    no sé, decide tú — I don't know, you decide

    tiene que decidir entre dos opciones igualmente interesantes — she has to choose o decide between two equally attractive options

    3.
    decidirse v pron to decide, to make up one's mind

    decidirse a + inf — to decide to + inf

    * * *
    = decide, decision to the contrary, make + choices, opt (for), settle, sort out, take + viewpoint, adjudicate, resolve, take + view, take + Posesivo + pick, call + the shots, be the boss, rule + the roost.
    Ex. At the two extremes, the order may simply be decided for each topic as and when it arises, and followed thereafter.
    Ex. Unless a conscious decision has been made to the contrary, the abstractor should not introduce any new biases or emphases.
    Ex. Frequently it is necessary for the librarian or information worker to make choices concerning record size and field size.
    Ex. However, in 1983, Forest Press decided to opt for the concept of continuous revision.
    Ex. Once the name to be used in a heading and its form have been settled, it is time to decide upon the entry element, or in more general terms, to examine the preferred order of the components of a name as the name is to appear as a heading.
    Ex. It is true that assignments were being heaped upon him with immense rapidity, but he would be able to sort them out and contrive solutions.
    Ex. Whatever viewpoint is taken, it is difficult to dispute the significance of AACR1.
    Ex. I know a large library catalog in this country where the person in charge of filing has to adjudicate on the average four times a day on where a particular card should go.
    Ex. Bogardus privately resolved that nothing would induce her to assent to this monstrous possibility.
    Ex. There are those, sometimes found in the corridors of power, who would take such a view.
    Ex. We can offer them both and let our users take their pick.
    Ex. The article is entitled 'Who's calling the shots in the semiconductor industry'.
    Ex. One of the hardest things about being the boss is that no one tells you what you're doing wrong.
    Ex. Just as the 19th century belonged to England and the 20th century to America, so the 21st century will be China's turn to set the agenda and rule the roost.
    ----
    * decidir Algo sobre la marcha = play + Nombre + by ear.
    * decidir hacer = spring for.
    * decidir + Infinitivo = choose to + Infinitivo, elect to + Infinitivo.
    * decidir no + Infinitivo = decide against + Gerundio, decide against + Nombre.
    * decidir no ser incluido en = opt out of.
    * decidir por cuenta propia = take it upon + Reflexivo + to.
    * decidir qué hacer con = make + disposition of.
    * decidirse = make up + Posesivo + (own) mind, make + Posesivo + mind up.
    * decidirse por = marry, settle on/upon, go for, come down in + favour of, plump for.
    * decidirse por uno mismo = make up + Posesivo + (own) mind.
    * estar decidido a = be determined to.
    * por decidir = to be decided.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) ( tomar una determinación) to decide

    decidir + inf — to decide to + inf

    b) < persona> to make... decide
    2) < asunto> to settle; < resultado> to decide
    2.
    decidir vi to decide

    no sé, decide tú — I don't know, you decide

    tiene que decidir entre dos opciones igualmente interesantes — she has to choose o decide between two equally attractive options

    3.
    decidirse v pron to decide, to make up one's mind

    decidirse a + inf — to decide to + inf

    * * *
    = decide, decision to the contrary, make + choices, opt (for), settle, sort out, take + viewpoint, adjudicate, resolve, take + view, take + Posesivo + pick, call + the shots, be the boss, rule + the roost.

    Ex: At the two extremes, the order may simply be decided for each topic as and when it arises, and followed thereafter.

    Ex: Unless a conscious decision has been made to the contrary, the abstractor should not introduce any new biases or emphases.
    Ex: Frequently it is necessary for the librarian or information worker to make choices concerning record size and field size.
    Ex: However, in 1983, Forest Press decided to opt for the concept of continuous revision.
    Ex: Once the name to be used in a heading and its form have been settled, it is time to decide upon the entry element, or in more general terms, to examine the preferred order of the components of a name as the name is to appear as a heading.
    Ex: It is true that assignments were being heaped upon him with immense rapidity, but he would be able to sort them out and contrive solutions.
    Ex: Whatever viewpoint is taken, it is difficult to dispute the significance of AACR1.
    Ex: I know a large library catalog in this country where the person in charge of filing has to adjudicate on the average four times a day on where a particular card should go.
    Ex: Bogardus privately resolved that nothing would induce her to assent to this monstrous possibility.
    Ex: There are those, sometimes found in the corridors of power, who would take such a view.
    Ex: We can offer them both and let our users take their pick.
    Ex: The article is entitled 'Who's calling the shots in the semiconductor industry'.
    Ex: One of the hardest things about being the boss is that no one tells you what you're doing wrong.
    Ex: Just as the 19th century belonged to England and the 20th century to America, so the 21st century will be China's turn to set the agenda and rule the roost.
    * decidir Algo sobre la marcha = play + Nombre + by ear.
    * decidir hacer = spring for.
    * decidir + Infinitivo = choose to + Infinitivo, elect to + Infinitivo.
    * decidir no + Infinitivo = decide against + Gerundio, decide against + Nombre.
    * decidir no ser incluido en = opt out of.
    * decidir por cuenta propia = take it upon + Reflexivo + to.
    * decidir qué hacer con = make + disposition of.
    * decidirse = make up + Posesivo + (own) mind, make + Posesivo + mind up.
    * decidirse por = marry, settle on/upon, go for, come down in + favour of, plump for.
    * decidirse por uno mismo = make up + Posesivo + (own) mind.
    * estar decidido a = be determined to.
    * por decidir = to be decided.

    * * *
    decidir [I1 ]
    vt
    todavía no han decidido nada they still haven't reached a decision o haven't decided anything
    iba a aceptar pero después decidí que no I was going to accept but then I decided against it o decided not to
    hemos decidido que no nos vamos a mudar we've decided that we're not going to move, we've decided not to move
    decidir + INF to decide to + INF
    decidieron prorrogarle el contrato they decided to extend his contract
    2 ‹persona›
    eso fue lo que me decidió that was what made up my mind for me, that was what decided me
    aquel incidente me decidió a actuar that incident made me decide to act
    3 ‹asunto› to settle; ‹resultado› to decide
    este contrato va a decidir el futuro de la empresa this contract is going to decide the future of the company
    el gol que decidió el partido the goal that decided the game
    ■ decidir
    vi
    to decide
    no sé, decide tú I don't know, you decide
    otra persona había decidido por él someone else had made the decision for him
    tiene que decidir entre dos opciones igualmente interesantes she has to choose o decide between two equally attractive options
    decidir SOBRE algo to make o take a decision ON sth, decide ON sth
    no es la persona más adecuada para decidir sobre este asunto she's not the best person to decide on o to make o to take a decision on this matter
    yo no tengo autoridad para decidir sobre su suerte I do not have the authority to decide (on) his fate
    to make up one's mind
    aún no me he decidido del todo I still haven't quite made up my mind o decided
    decídete, me tengo que ir make up your mind, I have to go
    ¿va a llover? — no sé, no se decide is it going to rain? — I don't know, it can't seem to make up its mind
    decidirse A + INF to decide to + INF decidirse POR algo to decide ON sth
    se decidió por el verde she decided on the green one
    * * *

     

    decidir ( conjugate decidir) verbo transitivo
    1


    b) ‹ persona› to make … decide;


    2 ‹ asunto› to settle;
    ‹ resultado› to decide
    verbo intransitivo
    to decide;
    ◊ tiene que decidir entre los dos she has to choose o decide between the two;

    decidir sobre algo to decide on sth
    decidirse verbo pronominal
    to decide, to make up one's mind;
    decidirse a hacer algo to decide to do sth;
    decidirse por algo to decide on sth
    decidir verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo to decide: tú decides, it's up to you
    el penalty en el último minuto decidió el partido, the last-minute penalty decided the game

    ' decidir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acertar
    - indecisa
    - indeciso
    - mover
    - solucionar
    - vacilante
    - pensar
    - resolver
    - votación
    English:
    choose
    - conclude
    - decide
    - fix
    - heart
    - open
    - opt out
    - seal
    - settle
    - up to
    - adjudicate
    - agree
    - determine
    - for
    - opt
    - priority
    - resolve
    - spot
    - up
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [tomar una decisión sobre] to decide;
    el juez decidirá si es inocente o no the judge will decide o determine whether or not he is innocent;
    no hay nada decidido por el momento nothing has been decided for the moment;
    todo está aún por decidir everything's still up in the air, nothing's been decided yet;
    decidir hacer algo to decide to do sth;
    he decidido cambiar de apartamento I've decided to move Br flat o US apartment;
    decidió que no valía la pena arriesgarse she decided (that) it wasn't worth the risk;
    han decidido que no van a tener más hijos they've decided not to have any more children
    2. [determinar] to decide;
    el voto de la clase media decidió la elección the middle-class vote decided o swung the election;
    el gol de Márquez decidió el partido Márquez's goal decided o settled the game
    3. [persuadir] to persuade, to convince;
    lo decidí a quedarse I convinced him to stay;
    su madre le decidió a dejar de fumar his mother persuaded him to stop smoking;
    ¿qué te decidió a seguir con el negocio? what made you decide to carry on with the business?
    ♦ vi
    to decide, to choose;
    ¿a qué restaurante vamos? – tú decides which restaurant shall we go to? – you decide;
    decidir entre dos cosas to choose between two things;
    ellos decidieron por mí they decided for me, they took the decision for me;
    tenemos que decidir sobre la decoración del dormitorio we have to decide how we're going to decorate the bedroom, we have to take a decision on the décor for the bedroom
    * * *
    I v/t decide
    II v/i decide, make up one’s mind
    * * *
    1) : to decide, to determine
    no he decidido nada: I haven't made a decision
    2) : to persuade, to decide
    su padre lo decidió a estudiar: his father persuaded him to study
    : to decide
    * * *
    decidir vb to decide

    Spanish-English dictionary > decidir

  • 11 cualquier otra cosa

    = you name it, anything else, whatever else
    Ex. To introduce a little vulgarity, it would be absolutely hell on browsers were all the works by Agatha Christie or Dorothy Sayers or Dashiell Hammett or you name it, entered individually by their title.
    Ex. Now this may sound somewhat Draconian as an approach to the problem, but I really do believe, and I have studied this and thought about it very carefully for many years, that this is the only answer, that anything else is just an amelioration of the problem and is building up problems for the future.
    Ex. Mainstream media tends to focus on the negative, on the sensational, and nearly all of that catastrophic -- hurricanes and nuclear war and terrorism and whatever else.
    * * *
    = you name it, anything else, whatever else

    Ex: To introduce a little vulgarity, it would be absolutely hell on browsers were all the works by Agatha Christie or Dorothy Sayers or Dashiell Hammett or you name it, entered individually by their title.

    Ex: Now this may sound somewhat Draconian as an approach to the problem, but I really do believe, and I have studied this and thought about it very carefully for many years, that this is the only answer, that anything else is just an amelioration of the problem and is building up problems for the future.
    Ex: Mainstream media tends to focus on the negative, on the sensational, and nearly all of that catastrophic -- hurricanes and nuclear war and terrorism and whatever else.

    Spanish-English dictionary > cualquier otra cosa

  • 12 sistema de préstamo

    (n.) = circulation system, issue system, lending system, book checking system, charge out system, library issue system
    Ex. BLCMP's circulation system can be extensively tailored to meet local requirements.
    Ex. Among academic libraries, automation of the issue system and serials control were ranked second and third respectively.
    Ex. Project staff have compiled a catalogue of material available throughout the area and plan to introduce a lending system for users.
    Ex. One of the supervisor's jobs is to make sure that the book checking system is in order.
    Ex. The more expensive media such as kits, models, and games are too large for someone to sneak past a vigilant charge out system = Los conjuntos documentales multimedia, las maquetas y los juegos son demasiado grandes para que alguien los pase sin ser visto por el sistema de préstamo.
    Ex. The article 'Ergonomics of library issue systems' makes recommendations about, workplace layout, work environment, and work organisation at library issue desks as these affect both staff and customers.
    * * *
    (n.) = circulation system, issue system, lending system, book checking system, charge out system, library issue system

    Ex: BLCMP's circulation system can be extensively tailored to meet local requirements.

    Ex: Among academic libraries, automation of the issue system and serials control were ranked second and third respectively.
    Ex: Project staff have compiled a catalogue of material available throughout the area and plan to introduce a lending system for users.
    Ex: One of the supervisor's jobs is to make sure that the book checking system is in order.
    Ex: The more expensive media such as kits, models, and games are too large for someone to sneak past a vigilant charge out system = Los conjuntos documentales multimedia, las maquetas y los juegos son demasiado grandes para que alguien los pase sin ser visto por el sistema de préstamo.
    Ex: The article 'Ergonomics of library issue systems' makes recommendations about, workplace layout, work environment, and work organisation at library issue desks as these affect both staff and customers.

    Spanish-English dictionary > sistema de préstamo

  • 13 producto

    m.
    1 product (bien, objeto).
    producto acabado finished product
    producto final end product
    productos lácteos dairy produce
    producto manufacturado manufactured product
    2 result, product (resultado).
    el accidente fue producto de un despiste del conductor the accident resulted from a lapse of attention on the part of the driver
    3 product (Mat).
    4 produce, result, return.
    * * *
    1 (gen) product
    2 MATEMÁTICAS product
    3 (resultado) result, product
    4 (provecho) fruit
    \
    producto acabado finished product
    producto interior bruto gross domestic product
    producto nacional bruto gross national product
    productos agrícolas agricultural produce
    productos de limpieza cleaning products
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=artículo) product

    productos de primera necesidad — staple items, staple products, basic necessities

    "consuma productos españoles" — "buy Spanish goods"

    productos derivados de la leche — dairy products, dairy produce sing

    producto químico — chemical product, chemical

    productos de marca — branded goods, brand name goods

    productos lácteos — dairy products, dairy produce sing

    2) (=producción) production
    3) (=resultado) result, product
    4) (Econ) (=beneficio) yield, profit

    producto interno bruto — Arg gross domestic product

    5) (Mat) product
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( artículo producido) product
    b) ( resultado) result, product

    todo es producto de su imaginación — it's all a product o a figment of his imagination

    2) (Mat) product
    * * *
    = commodity, product, offering, emanation.
    Ex. Neither are the latter group, in the course of their professional activities, likely to feel that the treatment of information as a priceable commodity compromises a principle fundamental to their professional ethic.
    Ex. Printed title indexes which could be used as elementary subject indexes were one of the first products of computerised information retrieval systems.
    Ex. Currently SilverPlatter's major offering in this key topic area is 'Food Science and Technology Abstracts'.
    Ex. CCRC has considered radical things that don't seem to fit in with any of these aims, such as abandoning main entry and restricting corporate authorship by eliminating it entirely, and now euphemistically calling it corporate emanation.
    ----
    * asociación de compradores de un tipo de productos = consumers union.
    * comercializar un producto = carry, market + product.
    * comprar comparando productos = shop around, shopping around.
    * Denominación Común de Productos Industriales (NIPRO) = Common Nomenclature of Industrial Products (NIPRO).
    * Denominación de Productos para las Estadísticas del Comercio Externo de la = Nomenclature of Goods for the External Trade Statistics of the Community and Statistics of Trade between Member States (NIMEXE).
    * desarrollo de nuevos productos = product development.
    * documentos producto de investigación = research materials.
    * empresa dedicada al desarrollo de productos = product developer.
    * energía producto de la fisión = fission energy.
    * evaluación de los productos = product rating.
    * exposición de productos artesanales = craft show.
    * gama de productos = product mix, product range.
    * gestión de la oferta de productos = range management.
    * industria de los productos lácteos, la = dairy industry, the.
    * información de precios de productos para el consumo = retail prices.
    * información sobre un producto = product literature.
    * ley de responsabilidad por el producto = product liability law.
    * línea de productos = product line.
    * oferta de productos = product offering.
    * producto agrícola = agricultural product, farm product.
    * producto alimenticio = food product.
    * producto bandera = showpiece.
    * producto básico = staple.
    * producto bibliográfico = bibliographic product.
    * producto comercial = commercial product, retail product.
    * producto cosmético = cosmetic product.
    * producto cultural = cultural product.
    * producto de = born of.
    * producto de consumo = consumable, consumer product, convenience product.
    * producto de cosmética = cosmetic product.
    * producto de fumigar = fumigant.
    * producto de importación = imported product.
    * producto de la combinación = recombinant.
    * producto de la imaginación = work of imagination.
    * producto de la información = information commodity.
    * producto de la necesidad = born of necessity.
    * producto del conocimiento = knowledge record.
    * producto de limpieza = cleaning product, cleanser, cleaner.
    * producto derivado = outgrowth, by-product [byproduct], spinoff [spin-off], off-shoot [offshoot].
    * producto derivado de la grasa animal = fat product.
    * producto desconocido = foreign substance.
    * producto de temporada = seasonal food, seasonal product.
    * producto emblemático = showpiece.
    * producto especializado = specialist product.
    * producto estrella = star product.
    * producto farmacéutico = pharmaceutical, pharmaceutical product.
    * producto final = end product, finished product, deliverable, final product.
    * producto final, el = finished work, the.
    * producto fresco = fresh food.
    * producto higiénico = hygiene product.
    * producto importado = import, imported product.
    * producto industrial = industrial product.
    * producto informativo = information product.
    * producto inorgánicoquímico = inorganic chemical.
    * Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) = Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
    * producto lácteo = dairy product, milk product.
    * producto lógico = logical product.
    * producto medicinal = medicinal product.
    * Producto Nacional Bruto (PNB) = Gross National Product (GNP).
    * producto natural = natural product.
    * producto ofrecido = offering.
    * producto orgánicoquímico = organic chemical.
    * producto para el hogar = household product.
    * producto para especialistas = specialist product.
    * producto para la conservación = preservative.
    * producto para la higiene = hygiene product.
    * producto para profesionales = specialist product.
    * producto petroquímico = petrochemical.
    * producto principal = staple.
    * producto profesional = specialist product.
    * producto promocional = tie-in.
    * producto químico = chemical, chemical product.
    * producto químico usado en agricultura = agrochemical.
    * productos = goods, wares, merchandise.
    * productos agrícolas = agricultural produce.
    * productos alimenticios = food supply, supply of food.
    * productos artesanos en madera = woodcraft.
    * productos cárnicos = meat products.
    * productos de confitería = confectionery.
    * productos decorados con tela escocesa = tartanware.
    * productos de imitación = imitation goods, replica goods.
    * productos de pastelería = confectionery.
    * productos de temporada = seasonal produce.
    * producto secundario = off-shoot [offshoot], by-product [byproduct].
    * productos enlatados = tinned goods.
    * productos impresos = print media.
    * productos lácteos = dairy produce.
    * productos manufacturados = manufacturing goods, manufactured goods.
    * productos nacionales = domestic goods.
    * productos ópticos = optical media, optical products.
    * productos perecederos = perishables.
    * productos prohibidos = contraband.
    * producto tóxico = toxic.
    * promoción de productos = product-promoting.
    * representante de productos farmacéuticos = pharmaceutical company representative.
    * selección de productos = merchandise selection.
    * ser producto de = spin off, be the product of.
    * ser un producto de su tiempo = be a product of + Posesivo + time.
    * tienda de productos ecológicos = health food shop, health food store.
    * vender un producto = carry.
    * volver a promover un producto = rehyping.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( artículo producido) product
    b) ( resultado) result, product

    todo es producto de su imaginación — it's all a product o a figment of his imagination

    2) (Mat) product
    * * *
    = commodity, product, offering, emanation.

    Ex: Neither are the latter group, in the course of their professional activities, likely to feel that the treatment of information as a priceable commodity compromises a principle fundamental to their professional ethic.

    Ex: Printed title indexes which could be used as elementary subject indexes were one of the first products of computerised information retrieval systems.
    Ex: Currently SilverPlatter's major offering in this key topic area is 'Food Science and Technology Abstracts'.
    Ex: CCRC has considered radical things that don't seem to fit in with any of these aims, such as abandoning main entry and restricting corporate authorship by eliminating it entirely, and now euphemistically calling it corporate emanation.
    * asociación de compradores de un tipo de productos = consumers union.
    * comercializar un producto = carry, market + product.
    * comprar comparando productos = shop around, shopping around.
    * Denominación Común de Productos Industriales (NIPRO) = Common Nomenclature of Industrial Products (NIPRO).
    * Denominación de Productos para las Estadísticas del Comercio Externo de la = Nomenclature of Goods for the External Trade Statistics of the Community and Statistics of Trade between Member States (NIMEXE).
    * desarrollo de nuevos productos = product development.
    * documentos producto de investigación = research materials.
    * empresa dedicada al desarrollo de productos = product developer.
    * energía producto de la fisión = fission energy.
    * evaluación de los productos = product rating.
    * exposición de productos artesanales = craft show.
    * gama de productos = product mix, product range.
    * gestión de la oferta de productos = range management.
    * industria de los productos lácteos, la = dairy industry, the.
    * información de precios de productos para el consumo = retail prices.
    * información sobre un producto = product literature.
    * ley de responsabilidad por el producto = product liability law.
    * línea de productos = product line.
    * oferta de productos = product offering.
    * producto agrícola = agricultural product, farm product.
    * producto alimenticio = food product.
    * producto bandera = showpiece.
    * producto básico = staple.
    * producto bibliográfico = bibliographic product.
    * producto comercial = commercial product, retail product.
    * producto cosmético = cosmetic product.
    * producto cultural = cultural product.
    * producto de = born of.
    * producto de consumo = consumable, consumer product, convenience product.
    * producto de cosmética = cosmetic product.
    * producto de fumigar = fumigant.
    * producto de importación = imported product.
    * producto de la combinación = recombinant.
    * producto de la imaginación = work of imagination.
    * producto de la información = information commodity.
    * producto de la necesidad = born of necessity.
    * producto del conocimiento = knowledge record.
    * producto de limpieza = cleaning product, cleanser, cleaner.
    * producto derivado = outgrowth, by-product [byproduct], spinoff [spin-off], off-shoot [offshoot].
    * producto derivado de la grasa animal = fat product.
    * producto desconocido = foreign substance.
    * producto de temporada = seasonal food, seasonal product.
    * producto emblemático = showpiece.
    * producto especializado = specialist product.
    * producto estrella = star product.
    * producto farmacéutico = pharmaceutical, pharmaceutical product.
    * producto final = end product, finished product, deliverable, final product.
    * producto final, el = finished work, the.
    * producto fresco = fresh food.
    * producto higiénico = hygiene product.
    * producto importado = import, imported product.
    * producto industrial = industrial product.
    * producto informativo = information product.
    * producto inorgánicoquímico = inorganic chemical.
    * Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) = Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
    * producto lácteo = dairy product, milk product.
    * producto lógico = logical product.
    * producto medicinal = medicinal product.
    * Producto Nacional Bruto (PNB) = Gross National Product (GNP).
    * producto natural = natural product.
    * producto ofrecido = offering.
    * producto orgánicoquímico = organic chemical.
    * producto para el hogar = household product.
    * producto para especialistas = specialist product.
    * producto para la conservación = preservative.
    * producto para la higiene = hygiene product.
    * producto para profesionales = specialist product.
    * producto petroquímico = petrochemical.
    * producto principal = staple.
    * producto profesional = specialist product.
    * producto promocional = tie-in.
    * producto químico = chemical, chemical product.
    * producto químico usado en agricultura = agrochemical.
    * productos = goods, wares, merchandise.
    * productos agrícolas = agricultural produce.
    * productos alimenticios = food supply, supply of food.
    * productos artesanos en madera = woodcraft.
    * productos cárnicos = meat products.
    * productos de confitería = confectionery.
    * productos decorados con tela escocesa = tartanware.
    * productos de imitación = imitation goods, replica goods.
    * productos de pastelería = confectionery.
    * productos de temporada = seasonal produce.
    * producto secundario = off-shoot [offshoot], by-product [byproduct].
    * productos enlatados = tinned goods.
    * productos impresos = print media.
    * productos lácteos = dairy produce.
    * productos manufacturados = manufacturing goods, manufactured goods.
    * productos nacionales = domestic goods.
    * productos ópticos = optical media, optical products.
    * productos perecederos = perishables.
    * productos prohibidos = contraband.
    * producto tóxico = toxic.
    * promoción de productos = product-promoting.
    * representante de productos farmacéuticos = pharmaceutical company representative.
    * selección de productos = merchandise selection.
    * ser producto de = spin off, be the product of.
    * ser un producto de su tiempo = be a product of + Posesivo + time.
    * tienda de productos ecológicos = health food shop, health food store.
    * vender un producto = carry.
    * volver a promover un producto = rehyping.

    * * *
    A
    consuma productos nacionales buy home-produced goods o products
    los productos derivados del petróleo products derived from petroleum, petroleum derivatives
    productos de granja farm produce
    2 (resultado) result, product
    el acuerdo es el producto de varios meses de negociaciones the agreement is the result o product of several months of negotiations
    su éxito es el producto de muchos años de esfuerzo her success is the result o product of many years of effort
    es el típico producto de esa clase de colegio he's the typical product of that kind of school
    todo es producto de su imaginación it's all a product o a figment of his imagination
    Compuestos:
    foodstuff
    beauty product, cosmetic
    waste product, by-product
    brand name product
    promotional item
    spin-off
    gross domestic product, GDP
    dairy product
    manufactured product
    gross national product, GNP
    staple
    chemical product, chemical
    by-product
    finished product
    B ( Mat) product
    * * *

     

    producto sustantivo masculino

    ◊ productos agrícolas/de granja agricultural/farm produce;

    producto alimenticio foodstuff;
    producto lácteo dairy product

    producto sustantivo masculino
    1 (artículo producido) product
    productos alimenticios, foodstuffs
    2 Econ producto interior bruto (PIB), gross domestic product (GDP)
    3 (consecuencia, resultado) esa enciclopedia es producto del esfuerzo de muchas personas, this encyclopedia is the result of a large team's efforts
    ' producto' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    accidental
    - anestesia
    - anunciar
    - dañar
    - decolorar
    - derivado
    - doméstica
    - doméstico
    - duda
    - eficaz
    - elaborada
    - elaborado
    - humectante
    - indicada
    - indicado
    - lanzamiento
    - liquidar
    - liquidación
    - mezcla
    - muestra
    - obra
    - PIB
    - PNB
    - presentar
    - presentación
    - promoción
    - promocionar
    - pura
    - puro
    - salazón
    - salida
    - sintética
    - sintético
    - tierra
    - abaratar
    - bueno
    - calidad
    - comercializar
    - confianza
    - consumir
    - contener
    - contenido
    - cosecha
    - cotización
    - crear
    - cultivo
    - desatascador
    - desgravar
    - desprestigiar
    - distinguir
    English:
    accidental
    - bring out
    - call
    - cleanser
    - collaboration
    - come out
    - competition
    - deceive
    - development
    - domestic
    - figment
    - finish
    - flaw
    - GDP
    - GNP
    - Gross National Product
    - hype
    - impure
    - introduce
    - introduction
    - label
    - launch
    - launching
    - marketable
    - moneymaker
    - needlework
    - one-off
    - opportunity
    - patent
    - produce
    - product
    - promote
    - promotion
    - push
    - put off
    - reputable
    - rework
    - spin-off
    - staple
    - stuff
    - test
    - top-selling
    - trial
    - unavailable
    - window cleaner
    - withdraw
    - woodcarving
    - chemical
    - cleaner
    - commodity
    * * *
    1. [bien, objeto] product;
    productos agrícolas agricultural produce;
    producto acabado finished product;
    producto básico [de primera necesidad] staple;
    producto final end product;
    Esp producto interior bruto gross domestic product; Am producto interno bruto gross domestic product;
    producto líder product leader;
    producto manufacturado manufactured product;
    producto milagro miracle product;
    producto nacional bruto gross national product;
    productos de la tierra agricultural o farm produce
    2. [ganancia] profit
    3. [resultado] result, product;
    el accidente fue producto de un despiste del conductor the accident was caused by a lapse of attention on the part of the driver;
    la obra es el producto de un gran esfuerzo colectivo the work is the product of a great collective effort
    4. Mat product
    * * *
    m product;
    producto acabado finished product
    * * *
    1) : product
    2) : proceeds pl, yield
    * * *
    producto n product

    Spanish-English dictionary > producto

  • 14 A

    ei
    (one of the notes in the musical scale.) la
    - A sharp
    a det un / una
    Recuerda que a se emplea delante de una palabra que empieza por consonante; delante de una palabra que empieza por un sonido vocálico se emplea an
    Multiple Entries: A     a A,
    ◊ a sustantivo femenino (pl aes) (read as /a/) the letter A, a

    a preposición Nota: La preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan, como quien, alguien, algún etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, paseo a mi perro = I walk my dog.En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a. 1
    ◊ voy a México/la tienda I'm going to Mexico/to the shop;
    voy a casa I'm going home; se cayó al río she fell into the river a orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebro; se sentó al sol he sat in the sun; se sentó a mi derecha he sat down on my right 2
    a) (señalando hora, momento) at;
    a la hora de comer at lunch time; ¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?; a mediados de abril in mid-April; al día siguiente the next o following day
    ◊ hoy estamos a lunes/a 20 today is Monday/it's the 20th today
    c) al + inf:
    al enterarse de la noticia when he learnt o on learning the news ( antes) a few minutes before she arrived; 3 (en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia): sale a 100 euros cada uno it works out at 100 euros each; a 100 kilómetros por hora (at) 100 kilometers per hour; nos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us five three o (AmE) five to three 4 (indicando modo, medio, estilo):
    ◊ a pie/a caballo on foot/on horseback;
    a crédito on credit; funciona a pilas it runs on batteries; a mano by hand; a rayas striped; vestirse a lo punk to wear punk clothes 5
    ◊ ¿viste a José? did you see José?;
    no he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freud dáselo a ella give it to her; les enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children English; le echó (la) llave a la puerta she locked the door
    ◊ se lo compré a una gitana I bought it from o (colloq) off a gipsy

    A, a f (letra) A 'A' also found in these entries: Spanish: a. C. - a.m. - abajeña - abajeño - abanderada - abanderado - abandonar - abandonada - abandonado - abanico - abarquillada - abarquillado - abarrotada - abarrotado - abasto - abatida - abatido - abatirse - abdicar - aberración - abertura - abierta - abierto - abigarrada - abigarrado - abigarrar - ablandar - ablusada - ablusado - abnegada - abnegado - abobada - abobado - abocada - abocado - abogacía - abogada - abogado - abombada - abombado - abonar - abonada - abonado - abonarse - abono - abordar - abordaje - aborregar - abortar - abortiva English: A - A-level - a.m. - abandon - abandoned - abide by - ability - abject - abnormal - aboard - aborigine - abortion - abortive - about - above - above-board - above-mentioned - abrasive - abreast - abridged - abrupt - absent - absent-minded - absolute - absolutely - absorbed - abstemious - abstract - absurd - abundant - abuse - abusive - abysmal - academic - academy - accede - accent - acceptable - access - accident-prone - accidental - accidentally - acclimatized - accommodate - accommodation - accomplish - accomplished - account - account for - accountable
    A
    tr[æmp, 'æmpeəSMALLr/SMALL]
    1 ( ampere) amperio; (symbol) A
    a ['eɪ] n, pl a's or as ['eɪz] : primera letra del alfabeto inglés
    a [ə, 'eɪ] art, an [ən, 'æn] before vowel or silent h)
    1) : un m, una f
    a house: una casa
    half an hour: media hora
    what a surprise!: ¡qué sorpresa!
    2) per: por, a la, al
    30 kilometers an hour: 30 kilómetros por hora
    twice a month: dos veces al mes
    n.
    • la (Música) s.f.
    a eɪ noun
    1)
    a) ( letter) A, a f

    to get from A to B — ir* de un sitio a otro

    b) ( Mus) la m

    A flat/sharp/natural — la bemol/sostenido/natural

    A major/minor — la mayor/menor

    2)

    35A — ≈35 bis, ≈35 duplicado

    b) ( in sizes of paper) (BrE)

    A3 — A3 ( 420 x 297mm)

    A4 — A4 ( 297 x 210mm)

    A5 — A5 ( 210 x 148mm)

    c) ( Transp) ( in UK) (before n)

    A road — ≈carretera f or ruta f nacional


    I [eɪ]
    1. N
    1) (=letter) A, a f

    No. 32A — (=house) núm. 32 bis, núm. 32 duplicado

    the A-Z of Management Techniques — el manual básico de Técnicas de Gestión, Técnicas de Gestión de la A a la Z

    - know sth from A to Z
    2) (Mus)

    A — la m

    A major/minor — la mayor/menor

    A sharp/flat — la sostenido/bemol

    3) (Scol) sobresaliente m
    2.
    CPD

    A level N ABBR (Brit) (Scol) = Advanced level — ≈ bachillerato m

    A road N — (Brit) ≈ carretera f nacional

    "A" shares NPL — acciones fpl de clase A

    A side N — [of record] cara f A

    A to Z ® N — (=map book) callejero m

    A LEVELS Al terminar la educación secundaria obligatoria, los estudiantes de Inglaterra, Gales e Irlanda del Norte pueden estudiar otros dos años para preparar tres o cuatro asignaturas más y examinarse de ellas a los 18 años. Estos exámenes se conocen con el nombre de A levels o Advanced levels. Cada universidad determina el número de A levels y la calificación necesaria para acceder a ella. En Escocia los exámenes equivalentes son los Highers o Higher Grades, que se hacen de unas cinco asignaturas tras un año de estudios. Después se puede optar entre entrar en la universidad directamente o estudiar otro año más, bien para hacer el mismo examen de otras asignaturas, o para sacar los Advanced Highers.
    See:

    II
    [eɪ] [ˌǝ]
    INDEF ART ( before vowel or silent h an) [ˌæn] [ˌǝn] [ˌn]
    1) un(a) m / f ; (+ fem noun starting with stressed [a] or [ha]) un

    that child's a thief! — ¡ese niño es un ladrón!

    b) (after [tener]/[buscar] if singular object the norm)

    have you got a passport? — ¿tiene usted pasaporte?

    See:
    LOOK FOR in look

    a fine excuse! — ¡bonita disculpa!

    what an idiot! — ¡qué idiota!

    Patrick, a lecturer at Glasgow University, says that... — Patrick, profesor de la Universidad de Glasgow, dice que...

    the Duero, a Spanish river — el Duero, un río español

    3) (=a certain) un(a) tal
    4) (=each, per) por

    £80 a week — 80 libras por semana

    once a week/three times a month — una vez a la semanaes veces al mes

    * * *
    a [eɪ] noun
    1)
    a) ( letter) A, a f

    to get from A to B — ir* de un sitio a otro

    b) ( Mus) la m

    A flat/sharp/natural — la bemol/sostenido/natural

    A major/minor — la mayor/menor

    2)

    35A — ≈35 bis, ≈35 duplicado

    b) ( in sizes of paper) (BrE)

    A3 — A3 ( 420 x 297mm)

    A4 — A4 ( 297 x 210mm)

    A5 — A5 ( 210 x 148mm)

    c) ( Transp) ( in UK) (before n)

    A road — ≈carretera f or ruta f nacional

    English-spanish dictionary > A

  • 15 a

    ei
    (one of the notes in the musical scale.) la
    - A sharp
    a det un / una
    Recuerda que a se emplea delante de una palabra que empieza por consonante; delante de una palabra que empieza por un sonido vocálico se emplea an
    Multiple Entries: A     a A,
    ◊ a sustantivo femenino (pl aes) (read as /a/) the letter A, a

    a preposición Nota: La preposición a suele emplearse precedida de ciertos verbos como empezar, ir, oler, sonar etc, en cuyo caso ver bajo el respectivo verbo.No se traduce cuando introduce el complemento directo de persona (ser humano, pronombres personales que lo representan, como quien, alguien, algún etc) o un nombre con un objeto o animal personalizado: amo a mi patria = I love my country, paseo a mi perro = I walk my dog.En los casos en que precede al artículo definido el para formar la contracción al, ver bajo la siguiente entrada, donde también se encontrarán otros ejemplos y usos de a. 1
    ◊ voy a México/la tienda I'm going to Mexico/to the shop;
    voy a casa I'm going home; se cayó al río she fell into the river a orillas del Ebro on the banks of the Ebro; se sentó al sol he sat in the sun; se sentó a mi derecha he sat down on my right 2
    a) (señalando hora, momento) at;
    a la hora de comer at lunch time; ¿a qué hora vengo? what time shall I come?; a mediados de abril in mid-April; al día siguiente the next o following day
    ◊ hoy estamos a lunes/a 20 today is Monday/it's the 20th today
    c) al + inf:
    al enterarse de la noticia when he learnt o on learning the news ( antes) a few minutes before she arrived; 3 (en relaciones de proporción, equivalencia): sale a 100 euros cada uno it works out at 100 euros each; a 100 kilómetros por hora (at) 100 kilometers per hour; nos ganaron cinco a tres they beat us five three o (AmE) five to three 4 (indicando modo, medio, estilo):
    ◊ a pie/a caballo on foot/on horseback;
    a crédito on credit; funciona a pilas it runs on batteries; a mano by hand; a rayas striped; vestirse a lo punk to wear punk clothes 5
    ◊ ¿viste a José? did you see José?;
    no he leído a Freud I haven't read (any) Freud dáselo a ella give it to her; les enseña inglés a mis hijos she teaches my children English; le echó (la) llave a la puerta she locked the door
    ◊ se lo compré a una gitana I bought it from o (colloq) off a gipsy

    A, a f (letra) A 'A' also found in these entries: Spanish: a. C. - a.m. - abajeña - abajeño - abanderada - abanderado - abandonar - abandonada - abandonado - abanico - abarquillada - abarquillado - abarrotada - abarrotado - abasto - abatida - abatido - abatirse - abdicar - aberración - abertura - abierta - abierto - abigarrada - abigarrado - abigarrar - ablandar - ablusada - ablusado - abnegada - abnegado - abobada - abobado - abocada - abocado - abogacía - abogada - abogado - abombada - abombado - abonar - abonada - abonado - abonarse - abono - abordar - abordaje - aborregar - abortar - abortiva English: A - A-level - a.m. - abandon - abandoned - abide by - ability - abject - abnormal - aboard - aborigine - abortion - abortive - about - above - above-board - above-mentioned - abrasive - abreast - abridged - abrupt - absent - absent-minded - absolute - absolutely - absorbed - abstemious - abstract - absurd - abundant - abuse - abusive - abysmal - academic - academy - accede - accent - acceptable - access - accident-prone - accidental - accidentally - acclimatized - accommodate - accommodation - accomplish - accomplished - account - account for - accountable
    A
    tr[æmp, 'æmpeəSMALLr/SMALL]
    1 ( ampere) amperio; (symbol) A
    a ['eɪ] n, pl a's or as ['eɪz] : primera letra del alfabeto inglés
    a [ə, 'eɪ] art, an [ən, 'æn] before vowel or silent h)
    1) : un m, una f
    a house: una casa
    half an hour: media hora
    what a surprise!: ¡qué sorpresa!
    2) per: por, a la, al
    30 kilometers an hour: 30 kilómetros por hora
    twice a month: dos veces al mes
    n.
    • la (Música) s.f.
    a eɪ noun
    1)
    a) ( letter) A, a f

    to get from A to B — ir* de un sitio a otro

    b) ( Mus) la m

    A flat/sharp/natural — la bemol/sostenido/natural

    A major/minor — la mayor/menor

    2)

    35A — ≈35 bis, ≈35 duplicado

    b) ( in sizes of paper) (BrE)

    A3 — A3 ( 420 x 297mm)

    A4 — A4 ( 297 x 210mm)

    A5 — A5 ( 210 x 148mm)

    c) ( Transp) ( in UK) (before n)

    A road — ≈carretera f or ruta f nacional


    I [eɪ]
    1. N
    1) (=letter) A, a f

    No. 32A — (=house) núm. 32 bis, núm. 32 duplicado

    the A-Z of Management Techniques — el manual básico de Técnicas de Gestión, Técnicas de Gestión de la A a la Z

    - know sth from A to Z
    2) (Mus)

    A — la m

    A major/minor — la mayor/menor

    A sharp/flat — la sostenido/bemol

    3) (Scol) sobresaliente m
    2.
    CPD

    A level N ABBR (Brit) (Scol) = Advanced level — ≈ bachillerato m

    A road N — (Brit) ≈ carretera f nacional

    "A" shares NPL — acciones fpl de clase A

    A side N — [of record] cara f A

    A to Z ® N — (=map book) callejero m

    A LEVELS Al terminar la educación secundaria obligatoria, los estudiantes de Inglaterra, Gales e Irlanda del Norte pueden estudiar otros dos años para preparar tres o cuatro asignaturas más y examinarse de ellas a los 18 años. Estos exámenes se conocen con el nombre de A levels o Advanced levels. Cada universidad determina el número de A levels y la calificación necesaria para acceder a ella. En Escocia los exámenes equivalentes son los Highers o Higher Grades, que se hacen de unas cinco asignaturas tras un año de estudios. Después se puede optar entre entrar en la universidad directamente o estudiar otro año más, bien para hacer el mismo examen de otras asignaturas, o para sacar los Advanced Highers.
    See:

    II
    [eɪ] [ˌǝ]
    INDEF ART ( before vowel or silent h an) [ˌæn] [ˌǝn] [ˌn]
    1) un(a) m / f ; (+ fem noun starting with stressed [a] or [ha]) un

    that child's a thief! — ¡ese niño es un ladrón!

    b) (after [tener]/[buscar] if singular object the norm)

    have you got a passport? — ¿tiene usted pasaporte?

    See:
    LOOK FOR in look

    a fine excuse! — ¡bonita disculpa!

    what an idiot! — ¡qué idiota!

    Patrick, a lecturer at Glasgow University, says that... — Patrick, profesor de la Universidad de Glasgow, dice que...

    the Duero, a Spanish river — el Duero, un río español

    3) (=a certain) un(a) tal
    4) (=each, per) por

    £80 a week — 80 libras por semana

    once a week/three times a month — una vez a la semanaes veces al mes

    * * *
    a [eɪ] noun
    1)
    a) ( letter) A, a f

    to get from A to B — ir* de un sitio a otro

    b) ( Mus) la m

    A flat/sharp/natural — la bemol/sostenido/natural

    A major/minor — la mayor/menor

    2)

    35A — ≈35 bis, ≈35 duplicado

    b) ( in sizes of paper) (BrE)

    A3 — A3 ( 420 x 297mm)

    A4 — A4 ( 297 x 210mm)

    A5 — A5 ( 210 x 148mm)

    c) ( Transp) ( in UK) (before n)

    A road — ≈carretera f or ruta f nacional

    English-spanish dictionary > a

  • 16 модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

    1. modular data center

     

    модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
    -
    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    [ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

    [ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

    Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

    В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

    At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

    В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

    Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

    Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

    Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

    Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

    Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
    Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?


    If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

    Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

    One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

    The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

    Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

    Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

    The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

    А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

    This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
    So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

    Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
    Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

    Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

    It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

    From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.


    Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

    Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

    С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

    Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.


    Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

    For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

    Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

    Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

    Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

    Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

    Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
    Мы все подвергаем сомнению

    In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

    В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
    Серийное производство дата центров


    In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

    Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
    Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД


    And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

    А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
    Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

    We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

    Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

    By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

    Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

    Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

    Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
    Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

    Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

    Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
    Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

    To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

    Scalable
    Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
    Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
    Rapid deployment
    De-mountable
    Reduce TTM
    Reduced construction
    Sustainable measures

    Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

    Расширяемость;
    Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
    Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
    Быстрота развертывания;
    Возможность демонтажа;
    Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
    Сокращение сроков строительства;
    Экологичность;

    Map applications to DC Class

    We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

    Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.


    Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

    Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

    На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

    So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

    Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

    Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
    Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

    We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

    Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

    It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

    Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

    We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

    Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

    No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

    Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

    As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

    Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

    This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

    Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.

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    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

  • 17 modular data center

    1. модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)

     

    модульный центр обработки данных (ЦОД)
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    [Интент]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    [ http://loosebolts.wordpress.com/2008/12/02/our-vision-for-generation-4-modular-data-centers-one-way-of-getting-it-just-right/]

    [ http://dcnt.ru/?p=9299#more-9299]

    Data Centers are a hot topic these days. No matter where you look, this once obscure aspect of infrastructure is getting a lot of attention. For years, there have been cost pressures on IT operations and this, when the need for modern capacity is greater than ever, has thrust data centers into the spotlight. Server and rack density continues to rise, placing DC professionals and businesses in tighter and tougher situations while they struggle to manage their IT environments. And now hyper-scale cloud infrastructure is taking traditional technologies to limits never explored before and focusing the imagination of the IT industry on new possibilities.

    В настоящее время центры обработки данных являются широко обсуждаемой темой. Куда ни посмотришь, этот некогда малоизвестный аспект инфраструктуры привлекает все больше внимания. Годами ИТ-отделы испытывали нехватку средств и это выдвинуло ЦОДы в центр внимания, в то время, когда необходимость в современных ЦОДах стала как никогда высокой. Плотность серверов и стоек продолжают расти, все больше усложняя ситуацию для специалистов в области охлаждения и организаций в их попытках управлять своими ИТ-средами. И теперь гипермасштабируемая облачная инфраструктура подвергает традиционные технологии невиданным ранее нагрузкам, и заставляет ИТ-индустрию искать новые возможности.

    At Microsoft, we have focused a lot of thought and research around how to best operate and maintain our global infrastructure and we want to share those learnings. While obviously there are some aspects that we keep to ourselves, we have shared how we operate facilities daily, our technologies and methodologies, and, most importantly, how we monitor and manage our facilities. Whether it’s speaking at industry events, inviting customers to our “Microsoft data center conferences” held in our data centers, or through other media like blogging and white papers, we believe sharing best practices is paramount and will drive the industry forward. So in that vein, we have some interesting news to share.

    В компании MicroSoft уделяют большое внимание изучению наилучших методов эксплуатации и технического обслуживания своей глобальной инфраструктуры и делятся результатами своих исследований. И хотя мы, конечно, не раскрываем некоторые аспекты своих исследований, мы делимся повседневным опытом эксплуатации дата-центров, своими технологиями и методологиями и, что важнее всего, методами контроля и управления своими объектами. Будь то доклады на отраслевых событиях, приглашение клиентов на наши конференции, которые посвящены центрам обработки данных MicroSoft, и проводятся в этих самых дата-центрах, или использование других средств, например, блоги и спецификации, мы уверены, что обмен передовым опытом имеет первостепенное значение и будет продвигать отрасль вперед.

    Today we are sharing our Generation 4 Modular Data Center plan. This is our vision and will be the foundation of our cloud data center infrastructure in the next five years. We believe it is one of the most revolutionary changes to happen to data centers in the last 30 years. Joining me, in writing this blog are Daniel Costello, my director of Data Center Research and Engineering and Christian Belady, principal power and cooling architect. I feel their voices will add significant value to driving understanding around the many benefits included in this new design paradigm.

    Сейчас мы хотим поделиться своим планом модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения. Это наше видение и оно будет основанием для инфраструктуры наших облачных дата-центров в ближайшие пять лет. Мы считаем, что это одно из самых революционных изменений в дата-центрах за последние 30 лет. Вместе со мной в написании этого блога участвовали Дэниел Костелло, директор по исследованиям и инжинирингу дата-центров, и Кристиан Белади, главный архитектор систем энергоснабжения и охлаждения. Мне кажется, что их авторитет придаст больше веса большому количеству преимуществ, включенных в эту новую парадигму проектирования.

    Our “Gen 4” modular data centers will take the flexibility of containerized servers—like those in our Chicago data center—and apply it across the entire facility. So what do we mean by modular? Think of it like “building blocks”, where the data center will be composed of modular units of prefabricated mechanical, electrical, security components, etc., in addition to containerized servers.

    Was there a key driver for the Generation 4 Data Center?

    Наши модульные дата-центры “Gen 4” будут гибкими с контейнерами серверов – как серверы в нашем чикагском дата-центре. И гибкость будет применяться ко всему ЦОД. Итак, что мы подразумеваем под модульностью? Мы думаем о ней как о “строительных блоках”, где дата-центр будет состоять из модульных блоков изготовленных в заводских условиях электрических систем и систем охлаждения, а также систем безопасности и т.п., в дополнение к контейнеризованным серверам.
    Был ли ключевой стимул для разработки дата-центра четвертого поколения?


    If we were to summarize the promise of our Gen 4 design into a single sentence it would be something like this: “A highly modular, scalable, efficient, just-in-time data center capacity program that can be delivered anywhere in the world very quickly and cheaply, while allowing for continued growth as required.” Sounds too good to be true, doesn’t it? Well, keep in mind that these concepts have been in initial development and prototyping for over a year and are based on cumulative knowledge of previous facility generations and the advances we have made since we began our investments in earnest on this new design.

    Если бы нам нужно было обобщить достоинства нашего проекта Gen 4 в одном предложении, это выглядело бы следующим образом: “Центр обработки данных с высоким уровнем модульности, расширяемости, и энергетической эффективности, а также возможностью постоянного расширения, в случае необходимости, который можно очень быстро и дешево развертывать в любом месте мира”. Звучит слишком хорошо для того чтобы быть правдой, не так ли? Ну, не забывайте, что эти концепции находились в процессе начальной разработки и создания опытного образца в течение более одного года и основываются на опыте, накопленном в ходе развития предыдущих поколений ЦОД, а также успехах, сделанных нами со времени, когда мы начали вкладывать серьезные средства в этот новый проект.

    One of the biggest challenges we’ve had at Microsoft is something Mike likes to call the ‘Goldilock’s Problem’. In a nutshell, the problem can be stated as:

    The worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is not have enough capacity online, thus limiting the growth of our products and services.

    Одну из самых больших проблем, с которыми приходилось сталкиваться Майкрософт, Майк любит называть ‘Проблемой Лютика’. Вкратце, эту проблему можно выразить следующим образом:

    Самое худшее, что может быть при строительстве ЦОД для бизнеса, это не располагать достаточными производственными мощностями, и тем самым ограничивать рост наших продуктов и сервисов.

    The second worst thing we can do in delivering facilities for the business is to have too much capacity online.

    А вторым самым худшим моментом в этой сфере может слишком большое количество производственных мощностей.

    This has led to a focus on smart, intelligent growth for the business — refining our overall demand picture. It can’t be too hot. It can’t be too cold. It has to be ‘Just Right!’ The capital dollars of investment are too large to make without long term planning. As we struggled to master these interesting challenges, we had to ensure that our technological plan also included solutions for the business and operational challenges we faced as well.
    So let’s take a high level look at our Generation 4 design

    Это заставило нас сосредоточиваться на интеллектуальном росте для бизнеса — refining our overall demand picture. Это не должно быть слишком горячим. И это не должно быть слишком холодным. Это должно быть ‘как раз, таким как надо!’ Нельзя делать такие большие капиталовложения без долгосрочного планирования. Пока мы старались решить эти интересные проблемы, мы должны были гарантировать, что наш технологический план будет также включать решения для коммерческих и эксплуатационных проблем, с которыми нам также приходилось сталкиваться.
    Давайте рассмотрим наш проект дата-центра четвертого поколения

    Are you ready for some great visuals? Check out this video at Soapbox. Click here for the Microsoft 4th Gen Video.

    It’s a concept video that came out of my Data Center Research and Engineering team, under Daniel Costello, that will give you a view into what we think is the future.

    From a configuration, construct-ability and time to market perspective, our primary goals and objectives are to modularize the whole data center. Not just the server side (like the Chicago facility), but the mechanical and electrical space as well. This means using the same kind of parts in pre-manufactured modules, the ability to use containers, skids, or rack-based deployments and the ability to tailor the Redundancy and Reliability requirements to the application at a very specific level.


    Посмотрите это видео, перейдите по ссылке для просмотра видео о Microsoft 4th Gen:

    Это концептуальное видео, созданное командой отдела Data Center Research and Engineering, возглавляемого Дэниелом Костелло, которое даст вам наше представление о будущем.

    С точки зрения конфигурации, строительной технологичности и времени вывода на рынок, нашими главными целями и задачами агрегатирование всего дата-центра. Не только серверную часть, как дата-центр в Чикаго, но также системы охлаждения и электрические системы. Это означает применение деталей одного типа в сборных модулях, возможность использования контейнеров, салазок, или стоечных систем, а также возможность подстраивать требования избыточности и надежности для данного приложения на очень специфичном уровне.

    Our goals from a cost perspective were simple in concept but tough to deliver. First and foremost, we had to reduce the capital cost per critical Mega Watt by the class of use. Some applications can run with N-level redundancy in the infrastructure, others require a little more infrastructure for support. These different classes of infrastructure requirements meant that optimizing for all cost classes was paramount. At Microsoft, we are not a one trick pony and have many Online products and services (240+) that require different levels of operational support. We understand that and ensured that we addressed it in our design which will allow us to reduce capital costs by 20%-40% or greater depending upon class.


    Нашими целями в области затрат были концептуально простыми, но трудно реализуемыми. В первую очередь мы должны были снизить капитальные затраты в пересчете на один мегаватт, в зависимости от класса резервирования. Некоторые приложения могут вполне работать на базе инфраструктуры с резервированием на уровне N, то есть без резервирования, а для работы других приложений требуется больше инфраструктуры. Эти разные классы требований инфраструктуры подразумевали, что оптимизация всех классов затрат имеет преобладающее значение. В Майкрософт мы не ограничиваемся одним решением и располагаем большим количеством интерактивных продуктов и сервисов (240+), которым требуются разные уровни эксплуатационной поддержки. Мы понимаем это, и учитываем это в своем проекте, который позволит нам сокращать капитальные затраты на 20%-40% или более в зависимости от класса.

    For example, non-critical or geo redundant applications have low hardware reliability requirements on a location basis. As a result, Gen 4 can be configured to provide stripped down, low-cost infrastructure with little or no redundancy and/or temperature control. Let’s say an Online service team decides that due to the dramatically lower cost, they will simply use uncontrolled outside air with temperatures ranging 10-35 C and 20-80% RH. The reality is we are already spec-ing this for all of our servers today and working with server vendors to broaden that range even further as Gen 4 becomes a reality. For this class of infrastructure, we eliminate generators, chillers, UPSs, and possibly lower costs relative to traditional infrastructure.

    Например, некритичные или гео-избыточные системы имеют низкие требования к аппаратной надежности на основе местоположения. В результате этого, Gen 4 можно конфигурировать для упрощенной, недорогой инфраструктуры с низким уровнем (или вообще без резервирования) резервирования и / или температурного контроля. Скажем, команда интерактивного сервиса решает, что, в связи с намного меньшими затратами, они будут просто использовать некондиционированный наружный воздух с температурой 10-35°C и влажностью 20-80% RH. В реальности мы уже сегодня предъявляем эти требования к своим серверам и работаем с поставщиками серверов над еще большим расширением диапазона температур, так как наш модуль и подход Gen 4 становится реальностью. Для подобного класса инфраструктуры мы удаляем генераторы, чиллеры, ИБП, и, возможно, будем предлагать более низкие затраты, по сравнению с традиционной инфраструктурой.

    Applications that demand higher level of redundancy or temperature control will use configurations of Gen 4 to meet those needs, however, they will also cost more (but still less than traditional data centers). We see this cost difference driving engineering behavioral change in that we predict more applications will drive towards Geo redundancy to lower costs.

    Системы, которым требуется более высокий уровень резервирования или температурного контроля, будут использовать конфигурации Gen 4, отвечающие этим требованиям, однако, они будут также стоить больше. Но все равно они будут стоить меньше, чем традиционные дата-центры. Мы предвидим, что эти различия в затратах будут вызывать изменения в методах инжиниринга, и по нашим прогнозам, это будет выражаться в переходе все большего числа систем на гео-избыточность и меньшие затраты.

    Another cool thing about Gen 4 is that it allows us to deploy capacity when our demand dictates it. Once finalized, we will no longer need to make large upfront investments. Imagine driving capital costs more closely in-line with actual demand, thus greatly reducing time-to-market and adding the capacity Online inherent in the design. Also reduced is the amount of construction labor required to put these “building blocks” together. Since the entire platform requires pre-manufacture of its core components, on-site construction costs are lowered. This allows us to maximize our return on invested capital.

    Еще одно достоинство Gen 4 состоит в том, что он позволяет нам разворачивать дополнительные мощности, когда нам это необходимо. Как только мы закончим проект, нам больше не нужно будет делать большие начальные капиталовложения. Представьте себе возможность более точного согласования капитальных затрат с реальными требованиями, и тем самым значительного снижения времени вывода на рынок и интерактивного добавления мощностей, предусматриваемого проектом. Также снижен объем строительных работ, требуемых для сборки этих “строительных блоков”. Поскольку вся платформа требует предварительного изготовления ее базовых компонентов, затраты на сборку также снижены. Это позволит нам увеличить до максимума окупаемость своих капиталовложений.
    Мы все подвергаем сомнению

    In our design process, we questioned everything. You may notice there is no roof and some might be uncomfortable with this. We explored the need of one and throughout our research we got some surprising (positive) results that showed one wasn’t needed.

    В своем процессе проектирования мы все подвергаем сомнению. Вы, наверное, обратили внимание на отсутствие крыши, и некоторым специалистам это могло не понравиться. Мы изучили необходимость в крыше и в ходе своих исследований получили удивительные результаты, которые показали, что крыша не нужна.
    Серийное производство дата центров


    In short, we are striving to bring Henry Ford’s Model T factory to the data center. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Model_T. Gen 4 will move data centers from a custom design and build model to a commoditized manufacturing approach. We intend to have our components built in factories and then assemble them in one location (the data center site) very quickly. Think about how a computer, car or plane is built today. Components are manufactured by different companies all over the world to a predefined spec and then integrated in one location based on demands and feature requirements. And just like Henry Ford’s assembly line drove the cost of building and the time-to-market down dramatically for the automobile industry, we expect Gen 4 to do the same for data centers. Everything will be pre-manufactured and assembled on the pad.

    Мы хотим применить модель автомобильной фабрики Генри Форда к дата-центру. Проект Gen 4 будет способствовать переходу от модели специализированного проектирования и строительства к товарно-производственному, серийному подходу. Мы намерены изготавливать свои компоненты на заводах, а затем очень быстро собирать их в одном месте, в месте строительства дата-центра. Подумайте о том, как сегодня изготавливается компьютер, автомобиль или самолет. Компоненты изготавливаются по заранее определенным спецификациям разными компаниями во всем мире, затем собираются в одном месте на основе спроса и требуемых характеристик. И точно так же как сборочный конвейер Генри Форда привел к значительному уменьшению затрат на производство и времени вывода на рынок в автомобильной промышленности, мы надеемся, что Gen 4 сделает то же самое для дата-центров. Все будет предварительно изготавливаться и собираться на месте.
    Невероятно энергоэффективный ЦОД


    And did we mention that this platform will be, overall, incredibly energy efficient? From a total energy perspective not only will we have remarkable PUE values, but the total cost of energy going into the facility will be greatly reduced as well. How much energy goes into making concrete? Will we need as much of it? How much energy goes into the fuel of the construction vehicles? This will also be greatly reduced! A key driver is our goal to achieve an average PUE at or below 1.125 by 2012 across our data centers. More than that, we are on a mission to reduce the overall amount of copper and water used in these facilities. We believe these will be the next areas of industry attention when and if the energy problem is solved. So we are asking today…“how can we build a data center with less building”?

    А мы упоминали, что эта платформа будет, в общем, невероятно энергоэффективной? С точки зрения общей энергии, мы получим не только поразительные значения PUE, но общая стоимость энергии, затраченной на объект будет также значительно снижена. Сколько энергии идет на производство бетона? Нам нужно будет столько энергии? Сколько энергии идет на питание инженерных строительных машин? Это тоже будет значительно снижено! Главным стимулом является достижение среднего PUE не больше 1.125 для всех наших дата-центров к 2012 году. Более того, у нас есть задача сокращения общего количества меди и воды в дата-центрах. Мы думаем, что эти задачи станут следующей заботой отрасли после того как будет решена энергетическая проблема. Итак, сегодня мы спрашиваем себя…“как можно построить дата-центр с меньшим объемом строительных работ”?
    Строительство дата центров без чиллеров

    We have talked openly and publicly about building chiller-less data centers and running our facilities using aggressive outside economization. Our sincerest hope is that Gen 4 will completely eliminate the use of water. Today’s data centers use massive amounts of water and we see water as the next scarce resource and have decided to take a proactive stance on making water conservation part of our plan.

    Мы открыто и публично говорили о строительстве дата-центров без чиллеров и активном использовании в наших центрах обработки данных технологий свободного охлаждения или фрикулинга. Мы искренне надеемся, что Gen 4 позволит полностью отказаться от использования воды. Современные дата-центры расходуют большие объемы воды и так как мы считаем воду следующим редким ресурсом, мы решили принять упреждающие меры и включить экономию воды в свой план.

    By sharing this with the industry, we believe everyone can benefit from our methodology. While this concept and approach may be intimidating (or downright frightening) to some in the industry, disclosure ultimately is better for all of us.

    Делясь этим опытом с отраслью, мы считаем, что каждый сможет извлечь выгоду из нашей методологией. Хотя эта концепция и подход могут показаться пугающими (или откровенно страшными) для некоторых отраслевых специалистов, раскрывая свои планы мы, в конечном счете, делаем лучше для всех нас.

    Gen 4 design (even more than just containers), could reduce the ‘religious’ debates in our industry. With the central spine infrastructure in place, containers or pre-manufactured server halls can be either AC or DC, air-side economized or water-side economized, or not economized at all (though the sanity of that might be questioned). Gen 4 will allow us to decommission, repair and upgrade quickly because everything is modular. No longer will we be governed by the initial decisions made when constructing the facility. We will have almost unlimited use and re-use of the facility and site. We will also be able to use power in an ultra-fluid fashion moving load from critical to non-critical as use and capacity requirements dictate.

    Проект Gen 4 позволит уменьшить ‘религиозные’ споры в нашей отрасли. Располагая базовой инфраструктурой, контейнеры или сборные серверные могут оборудоваться системами переменного или постоянного тока, воздушными или водяными экономайзерами, или вообще не использовать экономайзеры. Хотя можно подвергать сомнению разумность такого решения. Gen 4 позволит нам быстро выполнять работы по выводу из эксплуатации, ремонту и модернизации, поскольку все будет модульным. Мы больше не будем руководствоваться начальными решениями, принятыми во время строительства дата-центра. Мы сможем использовать этот дата-центр и инфраструктуру в течение почти неограниченного периода времени. Мы также сможем применять сверхгибкие методы использования электрической энергии, переводя оборудование в режимы критической или некритической нагрузки в соответствии с требуемой мощностью.
    Gen 4 – это стандартная платформа

    Finally, we believe this is a big game changer. Gen 4 will provide a standard platform that our industry can innovate around. For example, all modules in our Gen 4 will have common interfaces clearly defined by our specs and any vendor that meets these specifications will be able to plug into our infrastructure. Whether you are a computer vendor, UPS vendor, generator vendor, etc., you will be able to plug and play into our infrastructure. This means we can also source anyone, anywhere on the globe to minimize costs and maximize performance. We want to help motivate the industry to further innovate—with innovations from which everyone can reap the benefits.

    Наконец, мы уверены, что это будет фактором, который значительно изменит ситуацию. Gen 4 будет представлять собой стандартную платформу, которую отрасль сможет обновлять. Например, все модули в нашем Gen 4 будут иметь общепринятые интерфейсы, четко определяемые нашими спецификациями, и оборудование любого поставщика, которое отвечает этим спецификациям можно будет включать в нашу инфраструктуру. Независимо от того производите вы компьютеры, ИБП, генераторы и т.п., вы сможете включать свое оборудование нашу инфраструктуру. Это означает, что мы также сможем обеспечивать всех, в любом месте земного шара, тем самым сводя до минимума затраты и максимальной увеличивая производительность. Мы хотим создать в отрасли мотивацию для дальнейших инноваций – инноваций, от которых каждый сможет получать выгоду.
    Главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen4

    To summarize, the key characteristics of our Generation 4 data centers are:

    Scalable
    Plug-and-play spine infrastructure
    Factory pre-assembled: Pre-Assembled Containers (PACs) & Pre-Manufactured Buildings (PMBs)
    Rapid deployment
    De-mountable
    Reduce TTM
    Reduced construction
    Sustainable measures

    Ниже приведены главные характеристики дата-центров четвертого поколения Gen 4:

    Расширяемость;
    Готовая к использованию базовая инфраструктура;
    Изготовление в заводских условиях: сборные контейнеры (PAC) и сборные здания (PMB);
    Быстрота развертывания;
    Возможность демонтажа;
    Снижение времени вывода на рынок (TTM);
    Сокращение сроков строительства;
    Экологичность;

    Map applications to DC Class

    We hope you join us on this incredible journey of change and innovation!

    Long hours of research and engineering time are invested into this process. There are still some long days and nights ahead, but the vision is clear. Rest assured however, that we as refine Generation 4, the team will soon be looking to Generation 5 (even if it is a bit farther out). There is always room to get better.


    Использование систем электропитания постоянного тока.

    Мы надеемся, что вы присоединитесь к нам в этом невероятном путешествии по миру изменений и инноваций!

    На этот проект уже потрачены долгие часы исследований и проектирования. И еще предстоит потратить много дней и ночей, но мы имеем четкое представление о конечной цели. Однако будьте уверены, что как только мы доведем до конца проект модульного дата-центра четвертого поколения, мы вскоре начнем думать о проекте дата-центра пятого поколения. Всегда есть возможность для улучшений.

    So if you happen to come across Goldilocks in the forest, and you are curious as to why she is smiling you will know that she feels very good about getting very close to ‘JUST RIGHT’.

    Generations of Evolution – some background on our data center designs

    Так что, если вы встретите в лесу девочку по имени Лютик, и вам станет любопытно, почему она улыбается, вы будете знать, что она очень довольна тем, что очень близко подошла к ‘ОПИМАЛЬНОМУ РЕШЕНИЮ’.
    Поколения эволюции – история развития наших дата-центров

    We thought you might be interested in understanding what happened in the first three generations of our data center designs. When Ray Ozzie wrote his Software plus Services memo it posed a very interesting challenge to us. The winds of change were at ‘tornado’ proportions. That “plus Services” tag had some significant (and unstated) challenges inherent to it. The first was that Microsoft was going to evolve even further into an operations company. While we had been running large scale Internet services since 1995, this development lead us to an entirely new level. Additionally, these “services” would span across both Internet and Enterprise businesses. To those of you who have to operate “stuff”, you know that these are two very different worlds in operational models and challenges. It also meant that, to achieve the same level of reliability and performance required our infrastructure was going to have to scale globally and in a significant way.

    Мы подумали, что может быть вам будет интересно узнать историю первых трех поколений наших центров обработки данных. Когда Рэй Оззи написал свою памятную записку Software plus Services, он поставил перед нами очень интересную задачу. Ветра перемен двигались с ураганной скоростью. Это окончание “plus Services” скрывало в себе какие-то значительные и неопределенные задачи. Первая заключалась в том, что Майкрософт собиралась в еще большей степени стать операционной компанией. Несмотря на то, что мы управляли большими интернет-сервисами, начиная с 1995 г., эта разработка подняла нас на абсолютно новый уровень. Кроме того, эти “сервисы” охватывали интернет-компании и корпорации. Тем, кому приходится всем этим управлять, известно, что есть два очень разных мира в области операционных моделей и задач. Это также означало, что для достижения такого же уровня надежности и производительности требовалось, чтобы наша инфраструктура располагала значительными возможностями расширения в глобальных масштабах.

    It was that intense atmosphere of change that we first started re-evaluating data center technology and processes in general and our ideas began to reach farther than what was accepted by the industry at large. This was the era of Generation 1. As we look at where most of the world’s data centers are today (and where our facilities were), it represented all the known learning and design requirements that had been in place since IBM built the first purpose-built computer room. These facilities focused more around uptime, reliability and redundancy. Big infrastructure was held accountable to solve all potential environmental shortfalls. This is where the majority of infrastructure in the industry still is today.

    Именно в этой атмосфере серьезных изменений мы впервые начали переоценку ЦОД-технологий и технологий вообще, и наши идеи начали выходить за пределы общепринятых в отрасли представлений. Это была эпоха ЦОД первого поколения. Когда мы узнали, где сегодня располагается большинство мировых дата-центров и где находятся наши предприятия, это представляло весь опыт и навыки проектирования, накопленные со времени, когда IBM построила первую серверную. В этих ЦОД больше внимания уделялось бесперебойной работе, надежности и резервированию. Большая инфраструктура была призвана решать все потенциальные экологические проблемы. Сегодня большая часть инфраструктуры все еще находится на этом этапе своего развития.

    We soon realized that traditional data centers were quickly becoming outdated. They were not keeping up with the demands of what was happening technologically and environmentally. That’s when we kicked off our Generation 2 design. Gen 2 facilities started taking into account sustainability, energy efficiency, and really looking at the total cost of energy and operations.

    Очень быстро мы поняли, что стандартные дата-центры очень быстро становятся устаревшими. Они не поспевали за темпами изменений технологических и экологических требований. Именно тогда мы стали разрабатывать ЦОД второго поколения. В этих дата-центрах Gen 2 стали принимать во внимание такие факторы как устойчивое развитие, энергетическая эффективность, а также общие энергетические и эксплуатационные.

    No longer did we view data centers just for the upfront capital costs, but we took a hard look at the facility over the course of its life. Our Quincy, Washington and San Antonio, Texas facilities are examples of our Gen 2 data centers where we explored and implemented new ways to lessen the impact on the environment. These facilities are considered two leading industry examples, based on their energy efficiency and ability to run and operate at new levels of scale and performance by leveraging clean hydro power (Quincy) and recycled waste water (San Antonio) to cool the facility during peak cooling months.

    Мы больше не рассматривали дата-центры только с точки зрения начальных капитальных затрат, а внимательно следили за работой ЦОД на протяжении его срока службы. Наши объекты в Куинси, Вашингтоне, и Сан-Антонио, Техас, являются образцами наших ЦОД второго поколения, в которых мы изучали и применяли на практике новые способы снижения воздействия на окружающую среду. Эти объекты считаются двумя ведущими отраслевыми примерами, исходя из их энергетической эффективности и способности работать на новых уровнях производительности, основанных на использовании чистой энергии воды (Куинси) и рециклирования отработанной воды (Сан-Антонио) для охлаждения объекта в самых жарких месяцах.

    As we were delivering our Gen 2 facilities into steel and concrete, our Generation 3 facilities were rapidly driving the evolution of the program. The key concepts for our Gen 3 design are increased modularity and greater concentration around energy efficiency and scale. The Gen 3 facility will be best represented by the Chicago, Illinois facility currently under construction. This facility will seem very foreign compared to the traditional data center concepts most of the industry is comfortable with. In fact, if you ever sit around in our container hanger in Chicago it will look incredibly different from a traditional raised-floor data center. We anticipate this modularization will drive huge efficiencies in terms of cost and operations for our business. We will also introduce significant changes in the environmental systems used to run our facilities. These concepts and processes (where applicable) will help us gain even greater efficiencies in our existing footprint, allowing us to further maximize infrastructure investments.

    Так как наши ЦОД второго поколения строились из стали и бетона, наши центры обработки данных третьего поколения начали их быстро вытеснять. Главными концептуальными особенностями ЦОД третьего поколения Gen 3 являются повышенная модульность и большее внимание к энергетической эффективности и масштабированию. Дата-центры третьего поколения лучше всего представлены объектом, который в настоящее время строится в Чикаго, Иллинойс. Этот ЦОД будет выглядеть очень необычно, по сравнению с общепринятыми в отрасли представлениями о дата-центре. Действительно, если вам когда-либо удастся побывать в нашем контейнерном ангаре в Чикаго, он покажется вам совершенно непохожим на обычный дата-центр с фальшполом. Мы предполагаем, что этот модульный подход будет способствовать значительному повышению эффективности нашего бизнеса в отношении затрат и операций. Мы также внесем существенные изменения в климатические системы, используемые в наших ЦОД. Эти концепции и технологии, если применимо, позволят нам добиться еще большей эффективности наших существующих дата-центров, и тем самым еще больше увеличивать капиталовложения в инфраструктуру.

    This is definitely a journey, not a destination industry. In fact, our Generation 4 design has been under heavy engineering for viability and cost for over a year. While the demand of our commercial growth required us to make investments as we grew, we treated each step in the learning as a process for further innovation in data centers. The design for our future Gen 4 facilities enabled us to make visionary advances that addressed the challenges of building, running, and operating facilities all in one concerted effort.

    Это определенно путешествие, а не конечный пункт назначения. На самом деле, наш проект ЦОД четвертого поколения подвергался серьезным испытаниям на жизнеспособность и затраты на протяжении целого года. Хотя необходимость в коммерческом росте требовала от нас постоянных капиталовложений, мы рассматривали каждый этап своего развития как шаг к будущим инновациям в области дата-центров. Проект наших будущих ЦОД четвертого поколения Gen 4 позволил нам делать фантастические предположения, которые касались задач строительства, управления и эксплуатации объектов как единого упорядоченного процесса.

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > modular data center

  • 18 launch

    I
    1. lo:n  verb
    1) (to make (a boat or ship) slide into the water or (a rocket) leave the ground: As soon as the alarm was sounded, the lifeboat was launched; The Russians have launched a rocket.) botar, echar al mar
    2) (to start (a person, project etc) off on a course: His success launched him on a brilliant career.) lanzar
    3) (to throw.) lanzar

    2. noun
    ((an) act of launching.) lanzamiento
    - launch into
    - launch out
    II lo:n  noun
    (a large, power-driven boat, usually used for short trips or for pleasure: We cruised round the bay in a motor launch.)
    launch1 n lancha
    launch2 vb lanzar
    tr[lɔːnʧ]
    1 lanzar
    2 (ship) botar; (lifeboat) echar al mar
    3 (film etc) estrenar; (book) presentar
    4 (company) fundar
    5 (scheme, attack) iniciar
    1 (boat) lancha
    2→ link=launching launching{
    launch ['lɔnʧ] vt
    1) hurl: lanzar
    2) : botar (un barco)
    3) start: iniciar, empezar
    1) : lancha f (bote)
    2) launching: lanzamiento m
    n.
    • botadura s.f.
    • canoa s.f.
    • chalupa s.f.
    • lancha s.f.
    • lanzamiento s.m.
    v.
    • arrojar v.
    • botar v.
    • dar principio a v.
    • enjergar v.
    • lanzar v.

    I lɔːntʃ
    1)
    a) ( Naut) \<\<new vessel\>\> botar; \<\<lifeboat\>\> echar al agua
    b) (Aerosp, Mil) \<\<satellite/missile\>\> lanzar*; \<\<attack\>\> emprender, lanzar*
    2)
    a) ( Busn) \<\<product/campaign\>\> lanzar*; \<\<company\>\> fundar*
    b) (Lit, Theat, Cin) \<\<book/play/actor\>\> lanzar*
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    II
    1) ( Naut) ( motorboat) lancha f (a motor), motora f
    2)
    a) ( of new vessel) botadura f; ( of lifeboat) lanzamiento m ( al agua)
    b) (of rocket, missile) lanzamiento m
    3) (of product, project, campaign) lanzamiento m; ( of company) fundación f; (before n) <date, party> de lanzamiento
    [lɔːntʃ]
    1. N
    1) (=boat) lancha f

    motor launch — lancha f motora

    2) (=act)
    a) (lit) [of ship] botadura f ; [of lifeboat, rocket, satellite] lanzamiento m
    b) (=introduction) [of campaign, product, book] lanzamiento m ; [of film, play] estreno m ; [of company] creación f, fundación f ; [of shares] emisión f
    2. VT
    1) (=lit) [+ ship] botar; [+ lifeboat] echar al mar; [+ rocket, missile, satellite] lanzar
    2) (=introduce) [+ campaign, product, book, attack] lanzar; [+ film, play] estrenar; [+ company] crear, fundar; [+ shares] emitir
    3) (=start)

    to launch sb on his/her way — iniciar a algn en su carrera

    4) (=hurl)

    to launch o.s. at sth/sb — abalanzarse or arrojarse sobre algo/algn

    to launch o.s. into sth — meterse de lleno en algo, entregarse a algo

    3.
    VI

    to launch into sth: she launched into a long speech about patriotism — se puso a soltar or empezó un largo discurso sobre el patriotismo

    he launched into an attack on the president — emprendió un ataque contra el presidente, se puso a despotricar contra el presidente

    4.
    CPD

    launch attempt N — intento m de lanzamiento

    launch date N — fecha f prevista para el lanzamiento

    launch pad N — (lit) rampa f or plataforma f de lanzamiento; (fig) rampa f or plataforma f de lanzamiento, trampolín m

    launch party N — (Comm, Media) fiesta f de lanzamiento

    launch site N — lugar m del lanzamiento

    * * *

    I [lɔːntʃ]
    1)
    a) ( Naut) \<\<new vessel\>\> botar; \<\<lifeboat\>\> echar al agua
    b) (Aerosp, Mil) \<\<satellite/missile\>\> lanzar*; \<\<attack\>\> emprender, lanzar*
    2)
    a) ( Busn) \<\<product/campaign\>\> lanzar*; \<\<company\>\> fundar*
    b) (Lit, Theat, Cin) \<\<book/play/actor\>\> lanzar*
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    II
    1) ( Naut) ( motorboat) lancha f (a motor), motora f
    2)
    a) ( of new vessel) botadura f; ( of lifeboat) lanzamiento m ( al agua)
    b) (of rocket, missile) lanzamiento m
    3) (of product, project, campaign) lanzamiento m; ( of company) fundación f; (before n) <date, party> de lanzamiento

    English-spanish dictionary > launch

  • 19 control

    1. n
    контроль; проверка; надзор; регулирование; руководство; управление; владение

    to be in control of smth — контролировать что-л.; управлять чем-л.

    to escape control — избегать / воздерживаться от контроля

    to exercise / to exert control over smth — осуществлять контроль над чем-л.; держать что-л. под контролем

    to extend one's control over a city — распространять свой контроль на какой-л. город

    to get control — получать / приобретать контроль

    to get beyond / out of control — выходить из-под контроля / из подчинения

    to have / to hold / to implement control over smth — осуществлять контроль над чем-л.; держать что-л. под контролем

    to increase control over smth — усиливать / ужесточать контроль над чем-л.

    to lessen / to liberalize control — ослаблять контроль

    to obtain control — получать / приобретать контроль

    to place smth under smb's control — ставить что-л. под чей-л. контроль; устанавливать чей-л. контроль над чем-л.

    to retain one's control — сохранять контроль

    to step up / to strengthen control over smth — усиливать / ужесточать контроль над чем-л.

    to take control of smth — получать контроль над чем-л.; овладевать чем-л.

    to tighten control over smth — усиливать / ужесточать контроль над чем-л.

    to win control of smth — получать контроль над чем-л.; овладевать чем-л.

    to wrest control from smb — лишать кого-л. господствующего положения

    - abolition of control
    - absolute control
    - abuse of control
    - adequate control
    - all-round control
    - arms control
    - birth control
    - border control
    - centralized control
    - community control
    - comprehensive control
    - constant control
    - control over Hong-Kong reverted to mainland China
    - control over mass media
    - control over nuclear weapons
    - conventional arms control
    - crime control
    - cross-border controls
    - crowd control
    - currency control
    - direct control
    - disarmament control
    - dismantling of control
    - economic control
    - effective control
    - efficient control
    - end of control
    - ensuring of safe control
    - environmental control
    - exchange control
    - export control
    - financial control
    - flood control
    - government control
    - gradual surrender of centralized control
    - import controls
    - increase in control
    - integrated control
    - international control
    - introduction of control
    - loosening of control
    - loss of control
    - main instrument of control
    - military control
    - ministerial control
    - monopoly control
    - mutual control
    - nuclear arms control
    - nuclear tests control
    - on-site control
    - out of government control
    - parliamentary control
    - partial control
    - passport control
    - pollution control
    - price control
    - progress control
    - public control
    - relaxation of control
    - riot control
    - running control
    - shortage control
    - slackening of control
    - the situation might be getting out of control
    - tight control
    - under strict control
    - wage control     2. v
    контролировать; проверять; руководить, управлять; регулировать; сдерживать

    Politics english-russian dictionary > control

  • 20 вводить закон

    1) General subject: enact, make a law
    2) Diplomatic term: introduce the law
    3) Advertising: enact ordinance
    5) leg.N.P. issue a law, promulgate a law
    6) Makarov: enact an ordinance

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > вводить закон

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